Violence and social capital in urban poor communities: perspectives from Colombia and Guatemala

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 965-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy McIlwaine ◽  
Caroline O. N. Moser
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Poor Communities

Contestatory Publics

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-92
Author(s):  
Nicole Curato
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Public Displays ◽  
Poor Communities

Contestatory publics refer to the arena of confrontational claim-making which demands responsiveness and accountability to decision-makers. They are confrontational as far as they aggressively lay blame on parties they consider to be the cause of their suffering. Beyond critique, they also offer alternative visions for reconstruction by drawing on their experiences as communities who suffered from the disaster. The repertoire used in their contestations are visceral. In protests, public displays of grief, and emotional speeches, the weight of claims are established through performances of mourning and indignation. For contestatory publics, misery has a productive political power. This chapter focuses on the case of People Surge, a network of peasants, fisherfolk, urban poor communities, students, and members of religious organizations which led protest action in exceptionally challenging circumstances.

Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation in Metro Manila

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Porio
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Poor Communities

Climate change and flooding in Asian cities pose great challenges to the environmental and human security of the population and their governance systems. This paper examines the intersections of ecological-environmental and social vulnerability and the adaptive responses of urban poor communities and commercial-industrial establishments in Metro Manila to floods and other climate change-related effects, such as storm surges and sea-level rise (SLR). These weaken the communities’ ecological-environmental systems, threaten the well-being and security of the people and strain the resources of city governments. Disaggregating the ecological-environment vulnerabilities of a city/community according to specific places/spaces (or place-based vulnerabilities) that lead also to variable patterns among different groups (e.g., gender, income group, sector) of adaptive responses to flooding. Drawing a systematic sample of urban poor households and industrial-commercial establishments along the Pasig-Marikina River Basin of Metro Manila, this study utilised household surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions (FGD) and secondary data sources, in analysing the sources of their vulnerability and adaptive responses. Existing studies generally focus on the vulnerability and adaptation of urban-rural populations and do not highlight the interaction of place-based vulnerabilities with sector-specific vulnerabilities that reconfigure flood impacts and responses among the urban poor communities and commercial-industrial establishments during and after floods. In particular, poor and female-headed households residing in highly degraded environments or places/spaces within and across urban poor communities suffered higher damages and losses compared to better-off households and establishments. The interaction of these drivers of vulnerability further heightens and compromises the environmental and human security needs of poor people, their communities and those in the private sector that local/national government agencies need to respond.

scholarly journals Small but protective social capital against suicide ideation in poor communities

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (44) ◽  
pp. e22905
Author(s):  
Minjae Choi ◽  
Myung Ki ◽  
Paul S.F. Yip ◽  
Jungyoun Park ◽  
Areum Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Poor Communities

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infections Among Urban Poor Communities in Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhidayu Sahimin ◽  
Izzah Ruzana Mohd Hanapi ◽  
Zarin Amalina Nurikhan ◽  
Jerzy M. Behnke ◽  
Siti Nursheena Mohd Zain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Poor Communities

scholarly journals Coordinated support for local action: Modeling strategies to facilitate behavior adoption in urban-poor communities of Liberia for sustained COVID-19 suppression

Epidemics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100529
Author(s):  
Laura A. Skrip ◽  
Mosoka P. Fallah ◽  
Jamie Bedson ◽  
Laurent Hébert-Dufresne ◽  
Benjamin M. Althouse
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Local Action ◽  
Poor Communities

scholarly journals SNAPSHOT OF E-GOVERNMENT APPLICATIONS ACCEPTANCE AMONG THE URBAN POOR COMMUNITIES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH AGE, GENDER, EDUCATION AND INCOME IN MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Ainin Sulaiman ◽  
Siti Qhairunissa Binti Ramli Ramli ◽  
Nor Shahida Azali ◽  
Nor Ain Abd. Rani ◽  
Haryana Rozana Abdul Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Poor Communities

scholarly journals Coordinated support for local action: A modeling study of strategies to facilitate behavior adoption in urban poor communities of Liberia for sustained COVID-19 suppression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Skrip ◽  
Mosoka Fallah ◽  
Jamie Bedson ◽  
Laurent Hébert-Dufresne ◽  
Benjamin Althouse
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Status ◽  
Poor Communities

Abstract Background: Long-term suppression of SARS-CoV-2 transmission will require context-specific strategies that recognize the heterogeneous capacity of communities to undertake public health recommendations, particularly due to limited access to food, sanitation facilities, and physical space required for self-quarantine or isolation. We highlight the epidemiological impact of barriers to adoption of public health recommendations by urban slum populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and the potential role of community-based initiatives to coordinate efforts that support cases and high-risk contacts. Methods: Daily case updates published by the National Public Health Institute of Liberia were used to inform a stratified stochastic compartmental model representing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in two subpopulations (urban poor versus less socioeconomically vulnerable) of Montserrado County, Liberia. Differential transmission was considered at levels of the subpopulation, household versus community, and events (i.e., funerals). Adoption of home-isolation behavior was assumed to be related to the proportion of each subpopulation residing in housing units with multiple rooms, access to sanitation facilities, and access to basic goods like water and food. Percentage reductions in cumulative infection counts, cumulative counts of severe cases, and maximum daily infection counts for each subpopulation were evaluated across intervention scenarios that included symptom-triggered, community-driven efforts to support high-risk contacts and confirmed cases in self-isolation following the scheduled lifting of the state of emergency. Results: Modeled outbreaks for the status quo scenario differed between the two subpopulations, with increased overall infection burden but decreased numbers of severe cases in the urban poor subpopulation relative to the less socioeconomically vulnerable population after 180 days post-introduction into Liberia. With more proactive self-isolation by mildly symptomatic individuals after lifting of the public health emergency, median reductions in cumulative infections, severe cases, and maximum daily incidence were 7.6% (IQR: 2.2%-20.9%), 7.0% (2.0%-18.5%), and 9.9% (2.5%-31.4%) for cumulative infections, severe cases, and maximum daily incidence, respectively, across epidemiological curve simulations in the urban poor subpopulation and 16.8% (5.5%-29.3%), 15.0% (5.0%-26.4%), and 28.1% (IQR: 9.3%-47.8%) in the less socioeconomically vulnerable population. An increase in the maximum attainable percentage of behavior adoption by the urban slum subpopulation, with the provision of support to facilitate self-isolation or quarantine, was associated with median reductions in cumulative infections, severe cases, and maximum daily incidence were 19.2% (IQR: 10.1%-34.0%), 21.1% (IQR: 13.3%-34.2%), and 26.0% (IQR: 11.5%-48.9%), respectively, relative to the status quo scenario. Conclusions: Broadly supported post-lockdown recommendations that prioritize proactively monitoring symptoms, seeking testing and isolating at home by confirmed cases are limited by resource constraints in urban poor communities. Investing in community-based initiatives that determine needs and coordinate needs-based support for self-identified cases and their contacts could provide a more effective, longer-term strategy for suppressing transmission of COVID-19 in settings with prevalent distrust and socioeconomic vulnerabilities.

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