Cytotoxic effects of dental calculus particles and freeze‐dried Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum on HSC‐2 oral epithelial cells and THP‐1 macrophages

Fusobacterium nucleatum is associated with many conditions and diseases, including periodontal diseases that affect tooth-supporting tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a cocoa extract (Theobroma cacao L.) on F. nucleatum with respect to growth, biofilm formation, adherence, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production. The anti-inflammatory properties and the effect on epithelial barrier function of the cocoa extract were also assessed. The cocoa extract, whose major phenolic compound is epicatechin, dose-dependently inhibited the growth, biofilm formation, adherence properties (basement membrane matrix, oral epithelial cells), and H2S production of F. nucleatum. It also decreased IL-6 and IL-8 production by F. nucleatum-stimulated oral epithelial cells and inhibited F. nucleatum-induced NF-κB activation in monocytes. Lastly, the cocoa extract enhanced the barrier function of an oral epithelial model by increasing the transepithelial electrical resistance. We provide evidence that the beneficial properties of an epicatechin-rich cocoa extract may be useful for preventing and/or treating periodontal diseases.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of From attachment to damage: defined genes of Candida albicans mediate adhesion, invasion and damage during interaction with oral epithelial cells.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.11552956.12602054 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Judith Berman ◽

Anja Forche

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Oral Epithelial Cells ◽

Oral Epithelial

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Assessment of the Effect of Complete Denture Adhesives on Oral Epithelial Cells’ DNA in Elderly Patients with Controlled Diabetes

Egyptian Dental Journal ◽

10.21608/edj.2018.77272 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 2747-2756

Author(s):

Noha El-Shaheed ◽

Amira Gomaa ◽

Ashraf Zakaria

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Complete Denture ◽

Oral Epithelial Cells ◽

Denture Adhesives ◽

Oral Epithelial

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Novel Aggregation Properties of Candida albicans Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase Sap6 Mediate Virulence in Oral Candidiasis

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00282-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 83 (7) ◽

pp. 2614-2626 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Rohitashw Kumar ◽

Darpan Saraswat ◽

Swetha Tati ◽

Mira Edgerton

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Proteinase Activity ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Content Type ◽

Oral Epithelial Cells ◽

Oral Epithelial ◽

Cell Cell

Candida albicans, a commensal fungus of the oral microbiome, causes oral candidiasis in humans with localized or systemic immune deficiencies. Secreted aspartic proteinases (Saps) are a family of 10 related proteases and are virulence factors due to their proteolytic activity, as well as their roles in adherence and colonization of host tissues. We found that mice infected sublingually withC. albicanscells overexpressing Sap6 (SAP6OE and a Δsap8strain) had thicker fungal plaques and more severe oral infection, while infection with the Δsap6strain was attenuated. These hypervirulent strains had highly aggregative colony structurein vitroand higher secreted proteinase activity; however, the levels of proteinase activity ofC. albicansSaps did not uniformly match their abilities to damage cultured oral epithelial cells (SCC-15 cells). Hyphal induction in cells overexpressing Sap6 (SAP6OE and Δsap8cells) resulted in formation of large cell-cell aggregates. These aggregates could be produced in germinated wild-type cells by addition of native or heat-inactivated Sap6. Sap6 bound only to germinated cells and increasedC. albicansadhesion to oral epithelial cells. The adhesion properties of Sap6 were lost upon deletion of its integrin-binding motif (RGD) and could be inhibited by addition of RGD peptide or anti-integrin antibodies. Thus, Sap6 (but not Sap5) has an alternative novel function in cell-cell aggregation, independent of its proteinase activity, to promote infection and virulence in oral candidiasis.

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