Investigating Particle Size Induced Changes in Composition, Physical, Rheological and Bioactive Properties of Black Tea Powder

Abstract This paper presents a comparative analysis of two types of coal taken from the ZG Janina and ZG Wieczorek coalmines. The aim of this study has been to analyze the suitability of the coal in the context of the gasification process. The types of coal vary considerably in terms of their characteristics. Each of them was subjected to treatment in a ten-ringed annular jig. A particle size of 0-18 mm constituted the feed. The separated coal was divided into five layers, each of them containing material from two additional annular jigs. Analysis of their characteristics was carried out for each of the five layers and for both types of coal obtained, taking into account both their physicochemical properties as well as chemical ones. Each of these characteristics was then presented in three-dimensional surface diagrams, where the ordinate (or Y-axis) and abscissa (X-axis) was the particle size and height in which the material ended up in the jig (expressed as a percentage of the total height of the device). On the basis of observations, it was found that the types of coal have different potential for gasification, although both types are within the limits specified on the basis of previous studies. A correlation analysis between particle size and remaining characteristics of coal was carried out for each of the layers, allowing to determine which of the studied characteristics induced changes significant from the point of view of the coal gasification process. The entire research and observation was supported by conclusions and findings, which shall form the basis for further, in-depth analysis of coal.

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STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF H2O2 USED IN WHITENING TREATMENTS ON HUMAN ENAMEL WEAR RESISTANCE

Proccedings of International Scientific Conference "BALTTRIB 2017" ◽

10.15544/balttrib.2017.22 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

A. Branco ◽

M. Polido ◽

A.P. Serro ◽

C.G. Figueiredo-Pina

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Black Tea ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Tooth Whitening ◽

Ph Values ◽

Human Enamel ◽

Before And After ◽

H2o2 Solution ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Enamel Wear

Tooth whitening treatments are based on the application of bleaching agents on the teeth surface, which can impair teeth health, due to its effect on enamel properties. The present work has the purpose of studying the effect of pH of H2O2 solutions on wear resistance of teeth. Friction coefficient, enamel microhardness, morphology and topography were also evaluated to better understand the induced changes. Three pH values (2, 4 and 6) of H2O2 solution were tested. First, human molars and premolars were disinfected, polished, cut in four equal pieces and darkened in a black tea solution. After, the teeth samples were bleached in 30% H2O2 solution with the different pH values. Vickers microhardness, surface roughness and wear measurements were performed before and after bleaching. The results showed that the enamel wear resistance depends on the solution pH: the lowest wear resistance was obtained for the sample bleached with H2O2 at pH 2.

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TEM/STEM characterization of industrial type supported Pd catalysts: Effect of an in situ hydrogen activation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100105564 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 700-701

Author(s):

R. Szymanski ◽

J. Lynch

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Shape ◽

Local Information ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Supported Metal Catalysts ◽

Metal Dispersion ◽

Pd Catalysts ◽

Supported Pd Catalysts ◽

Induced Changes

TEM is routinely used to control the metallic dispersion of industrial supported metal catalysts, since in complement to the chemisorptive methods it provides unique local information about particle size distribution, i.e. about the quality of the metal dispersion. An evaluation by TEM of the mean particle size can be useful to quantify the metal dispersion assuming a simple model for the particle shape, e.g. spherical or cubic. However, except for the cases where chemisorption fails (e.g. poisonning), this evaluation is mainly considered as a mean of checking the representativity of the statistical distribution of local information in comparison with chemisorption results. Discrepancies are often observed between the two techniques and many reasons can be advanced for these such as statistics, particle shape models, electron beam induced changes, chemisorption assumptions (cf coverage), etc... In fact, we consider that in a number of cases one of the primary limitations is likely to be due to the in situ problem in TEM, which is inherent to most techniques involving an ex situ characterization.

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Role of Reduced Glutathione and Nitric Oxide in the Black Tea Extract-Mediated Protection Against Ulcerogen-Induced Changes in Motility and Gastric Emptying in Rats

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1254/jjp.85.358 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 358-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Swapna Maity ◽

Joseph Rajan Vedasiromoni ◽

Lalima Chaudhuri ◽

Dilip Kumar Ganguly

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Gastric Emptying ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Black Tea ◽

Black Tea Extract ◽

Tea Extract ◽

Induced Changes

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Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extract Induced Changes in Blood and Liver Parameters on Pregnant and Lactating Experimental Albino Rats

Proceedings of the Zoological Society ◽

10.1007/s12595-017-0229-8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 25-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Avijit Dey ◽

Antony Gomes ◽

Subir Chandra Dasgupta

Keyword(s):

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Black Tea ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Liver Parameters ◽

Induced Changes

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Kombucha fermentation of six medicinal herbs: Chemical profile and biological activity

Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly ◽

10.2298/ciceq190708034v ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 157-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jasmina Vitas ◽

Stefan Vukmanovic ◽

Jelena Cakarevic ◽

Ljiljana Popovic ◽

Radomir Malbasa

Keyword(s):

Sensory Quality ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Black Tea ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Cydonia Oblonga ◽

Sambucus Nigra ◽

Bioactive Properties ◽

Thymus Serpyllum ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽

Satureja Montana

Bioactive properties, as well as chemical composition and sensory characteristics of traditional and alternative kombucha broths were examined. Samples were produced by adding 10% of kombucha starter to sweetened (7% sucrose) decocts of black and green teas (traditional substrates) and infusions of winter savory (Satureja montana), peppermint (Mentha?piperita), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum), elderberry (Sambucus nigra) and quince (Cydonia oblonga), at 25?C. Fermentation lasted the shortest with elderberry (3 days) and the longest with quince (10 days). The samples with black tea and peppermint had the best sensory quality. In general, alternative products had better antioxidant activity to hydroxyl radicals than the traditional ones, reducing power and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity. The most pronounced acetic acid content was obtained with elderberry substrate. Moreover, peppermint substrate showed the highest values both for total phenols and total flavonoids contents. Taken together, the samples produced with the alternative substrates highlighted a higher phenolic and flavonoid contents, compared to the ones obtained with the traditional substrates.

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Influence of combined hydrolyzed collagen and maltodextrin as carrier agents in spray drying of cocona pulp

BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.1590/1981-6723.25419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diana Patricia Vargas-Muñoz ◽

Louise Emy Kurozawa

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

Spray Dryer ◽

Drying Process ◽

Hydrolyzed Collagen ◽

Bioactive Properties ◽

Encapsulation Process ◽

Mean Particle Diameter

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the effect of carrier agents containing maltodextrin and protein, represented by hydrolyzed collagen on the spray drying process of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), and on the properties of the resulting powders. We used pre-established proportions between the solids of cocona pulp and the carrier agents (P:CA), and among carrier agents themselves, maltodextrin and hydrolyzed collagen, (MD:HC). The process was carried out in a spray dryer at an inlet air temperature of 120 ºC. We prepared twelve feed solutions containing 20% of total solids, with P:CA ratios of 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6, and MD:HC ratios of 0:100, 50:50, and 100:0. Solids recovery was obtained for the evaluation of the spray drying process. The cocona pulp powders were analyzed for moisture content, water activity, particle size distribution, mean particle diameter, chemical structure (FTIR) and color. For a P:CA of 1:6, for the sample formulated with hydrolyzed collagen only, solids recovery (96.2%) was much higher than that of the sample with maltodextrin only (39.2%). The chemical structure of cocona powders can be considered a sign of a good encapsulation process. The color of the cocona pulp powder was similar to that of the carrier agents. The formulation with highest content of hydrolyzed collagen improved the recovery of solids, guaranteed the cocona pulp encapsulation, and obtained fruit powders with bioactive properties.

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Adsorptive Removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenol from Aqueous Solution by Using Used Black Tea Leaves

Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society ◽

10.29356/jmcs.v65i2.1424 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nafees Ahmed ◽

Md. Ataur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Particle Size ◽

Low Cost ◽

Black Tea ◽

Sodium Chlorite ◽

Tea Leaves ◽

Adsorptive Removal ◽

First Order ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Maximum Removal

Abstract. Bioadsorbents are drawing the attention of the environmental scientists in removing organic pollutants from aqueous solution because of their availability and low cost. In this research, adsorptive removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) onto used black tea leaves (UBTLs) as well as on sodium chlorite modified used black tea leaves (SCM-UBTLs) was investigated at different conditions. The value of pH was optimized at 2. Smaller particle size (50-100 mm) of both the adsorbents showed maximum removal of 2,4-DCP. However, SCM-UBTLs exhibited comparatively higher (54%) removal of DCP than unmodified used black tea leaves (UM-UBTLs) (40%) at similar conditions (pH, particle size and dose). Equilibrium attained within three hours for both the adsorbents of smaller particle size at pH 2. Adsorption follows the Ho’s pseudo-second-order kinetics rather than Lagergren pseudo-first- order for both the adsorbents. The experimental data was justified with the FTIR spectra of adsorbed and unadsorbed surfaces. Resumen. Debido a su disponibilidad y bajo costo los bioadsorbentes están atrayendo la atención de los científicos ambientales para la eliminación de contaminantes orgánicos de soluciones acuosas. En esta investigación se analizó la eliminación, por adsorción, del 2,4-diclorofenol (2,4-DCP) en hojas de té negro usadas (UBTL), así como en hojas de té negro usadas tratadas con clorito de sodio (SCM-UBTL) bajo diferentes condiciones. El valor de pH se optimizó a 2. El tamaño de partícula más pequeño (50-100 µm), de ambos adsorbentes, mostró una eliminación máxima del 2,4-DCP. Sin embargo, los SCM-UBTL exhibieron una remoción de DCP comparativamente más alta (54%) que las hojas de té negro usadas sin modificar (UM-UBTL) (40%) en condiciones similares (pH, tamaño de partícula y dosis). El equilibrio se alcanzó en tres horas para ambos adsorbentes con el tamaño de partícula más pequeño a pH 2. La adsorción sigue la cinética de pseudo-segundo orden de Ho en lugar de la de pseudo-primer orden de Lagergren para ambos adsorbentes. Los datos experimentales se vieron apoyados con los espectros FTIR de superficies adsorbidas y no adsorbidas.

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