scholarly journals Phytase in non‐ruminant animal nutrition: a critical review on phytase activities in the gastrointestinal tract and influencing factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueming Dersjant‐Li ◽  
Ajay Awati ◽  
Hagen Schulze ◽  
Gary Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Ruminant Animal

In vitro Gastrointestinal Models for Prebiotic Carbohydrates: A Critical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (32) ◽  
pp. 3478-3483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Hernandez-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Brush Border ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Existing Data

Background: In the last decade, various consortia and companies have created standardized digestion protocols and gastrointestinal simulators, such as the protocol proposed by the INFOGEST Consortium, the simulator SHIME, the simulator simgi®, the TIM, etc. Most of them claim to simulate the entire human gastrointestinal tract. However, few results have been reported on the use of these systems with potential prebiotic carbohydrates. Methods: This critical review addresses the existing data on the analysis of prebiotic carbohydrates by different in vitro gastrointestinal simulators, the lack of parameters that could affect the results, and recommendations for their enhancement. Results: According to the reviewed data, there is a lack of a realistic approximation of the small intestinal conditions, mainly because of the absence of hydrolytic conditions, such as the presence of small intestinal brush border carbohydrases that can affect the digestibility of different carbohydrates, including prebiotics. Conclusion: There is a necessity to standardize and enhance the small intestine simulators to study the in vitro digestibility of carbohydrates.

scholarly journals Savanna burning methodology for fire management and emissions reduction: a critical review of influencing factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tek Narayan Maraseni ◽  
Kathryn Reardon-Smith ◽  
Greg Griffiths ◽  
Armando Apan
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Savanna Burning

scholarly journals ENZIMAS MICROBIANA: POTENCIAL BIOTECNOLÓGICO E EFEITOS MODULATÓRIOS EM RUMINANTES

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (Especial 2) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
Flávia Oliveira Abrão ◽  
Cláudio Eduardo Silva Freitas ◽  
Eduardo Robson Duarte ◽  
Moisés Sena Pessoa ◽  
Luis Henrique Curcino Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Microbial Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Modulation ◽  
Production Animals

The objective of this review was to survey the main microbial species producing enzymes involved in the degradation of compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Most of the microorganisms isolated from soil, waste and compost material are capable of producing a broad spectrum of degrading enzymes from the plant cell wall. This enzymatic activity is essential for the fermentation of carbohydrates in the ruminal environment, since ruminants are not able to degrade these polymers, thus establishing a symbiosis relationship between these animals and the autochthonous microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. However, microbial enzymes have not only been receiving attention in animal nutrition, more and more these have been explored by the industry as biotechnological possibilities, such as the production of ethanol. It is observed a microbial diversity in the rumen, and variations in the production of enzymes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of enzyme modulation in the rumen of production animals, in order to obtain an increase in zootechnical indexes and a higher digestibility of the fiber

Critical review of heavy metal pollution of traffic area runoff: Occurrence, influencing factors, and partitioning

2016 ◽  
Vol 541 ◽  
pp. 895-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Huber ◽  
Antje Welker ◽  
Brigitte Helmreich
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Traffic Area

scholarly journals Assessment of the quality, oxidative status and dietary energy value of lipids used in non‐ruminant animal nutrition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L Wealleans ◽  
Karen Bierinckx ◽  
Erwin Witters ◽  
Mauro Benedetto ◽  
Julian Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Ruminant Animal

The effect of natural zeolite and bakery waste on performance and serum parameters of broiler chickens

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 178-178
Author(s):  
M. R. Kouhkan Nezhad ◽  
H. Kermanshahi ◽  
F. Eftekhari Shahroudi
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Poultry Diets

Use of bakery waste in animal nutrition is a way to reduce feed cost and environmental pollution. Large quantities of bakery waste are produced in Iran. It is possible to replace wheat with bakery waste in poultry rations. Bakery waste has a considerable moisture and carbohydrate and might be polluted with mold and mycotoxins. The presence of mycotoxins in ration may lead to increase mortality and decrease performance of broiler chickens. To reduce the possible adverse effects of mycotoxin, zeolite (clinoptilolite) has used in poultry diets successfully (Oguz and Kurtoglu 2000). It acts as an adsorbent and reduces bioavailability of mycotoxin in gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this experiment was to use bakery wastes in broiler chicken rations and to study its effect on performance and role of zeolite in decreasing possible adverse effects of bakery wastes.

scholarly journals Citrus and Winery Wastes: Promising Dietary Supplements for Sustainable Ruminant Animal Nutrition, Health, Production, and Meat Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawanda Tayengwa ◽  
Cletos Mapiye
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Ruminant Animal ◽  
Fruit Wastes ◽  
Welfare Production

Citrus and grapes are the most widely grown fruits globally, with one-third of total production used for juice and wine making. The juice and winemaking processes generate large quantities of solid organic wastes including citrus pulp and grape pomace. These fruit wastes pose serious economic, environmental, and social challenges, especially in low-to-middle-income countries due to financial, technological, and infrastructural limitations. They are, however, rich in valuable compounds which can be utilized in the ruminant livestock industry as novel, economical, and natural sources of cellulose, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phytochemicals, which have nutritional, anthelmintic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Despite citrus and grape fruit wastes having such potential, they remain underexploited by the livestock industry in low-to-middle-income countries owing to lack of finance, skills, technology, and infrastructure. Inclusion of these fruit wastes in ruminant diets could combine the desirable effects of enhancing animal nutrition, health, welfare, production, and meat quality attributes with the prevention of challenges associated with their disposal into the environment. The current review explores the valorization potential of citrus and winery wastes as dietary supplements to sustainably enhance ruminant animal nutrition, health, welfare, production, and meat quality.

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