The narrowing gap in New York City teacher qualifications and its implications for student achievement in high-poverty schools

In the fall of 2007, New York City began using student tests and other measures to assign each school a grade (A to F), and linked grades to rewards and consequences, including possible school closure. These grades were released in late September, arguably too late for schools to make major changes in programs or personnel, and students were tested again in January (English) and March (math). Despite this time frame, regression discontinuity estimates indicate that receipt of a low grade significantly increased student achievement, more so in math than English, and improved parental evaluations of school quality. (JEL H75, I21, I28, J45)

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Abstract MP36: Poverty Modifies the Association of Health-Related Fitness and School Absenteeism in New York City Middle School Girls

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.mp36 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Emily M D'Agostino ◽

Sophia E Day ◽

Kevin J Konty ◽

Michael Larkin ◽

Subir Saha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

High Poverty ◽

Poverty Areas ◽

Health Related ◽

One Year ◽

Percentile Scores ◽

Very High ◽

Health Related Fitness

Introduction: One-fifth to one-third of students in high-poverty, urban school districts do not attend school regularly (missing ≥6 days per year). Health related fitness is shown to be associated with absenteeism, although this relationship may differ across poverty and gender subgroups. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that area poverty would be a stronger effect modifier on the association of fitness (cardiorespiratory, muscular endurance, and muscular strength fitness composite percentile scores) and subsequent absenteeism (one-year lagged days absent) in girls compared with boys. Methods: Six cohorts of New York City public school students were followed from grades 5-8 during 2006/7-2012/13 (n=349,381). Stratified three-level longitudinal generalized linear mixed models were used to test the modification of poverty on the association of fitness changes and one-year lagged child-specific days absent across gender. Results: The fitness-absenteeism association was not significant in boys attending schools in high/very high (p=0.075) or low/mid poverty (p=0.454) areas. In girls attending schools in high/very high poverty areas, greater improvements in fitness the prior year were associated with greater improvements in attendance (p=0.034). Relative to the reference group (>20% decrease in fitness composite percentile scores from the prior year), girls with a large increase in fitness (>20%) demonstrated 10.3% fewer days absent (IRR 95% CI: 0.834, 0.964), followed by those who had a 10-20% increase in fitness (9.2%, IRR 95% CI: 0.835, 0.987), no change (5.4%, IRR 95% CI: 0.887, 1.007) and a 10-20% decrease in fitness (3.8%, IRR 95% CI: 0.885, 1.045). In girls attending schools in low/mid poverty areas, the fitness-attendance relationship was also positive, but no clear trend emerged. Conclusions: Fitness improvements may be more important to attendance improvements in high/very high poverty girls compared with low/mid poverty girls, and both high/very high and low/mid poverty boys. In conclusion, expanding school-based physical activity programs for girls in high-poverty neighborhoods may increase student attendance.

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New York City School-Based Financial Incentives Program Did Not Improve Student Achievement or Affect Reported Teaching Practices

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e525732012-001 ◽

2011 ◽

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Student Achievement ◽

York City ◽

Financial Incentives ◽

Teaching Practices ◽

City School ◽

School Based ◽

Improve Student Achievement

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REPORTS TELL PARENTS HOW SCHOOLS PERFORM

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.95.5.645 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 645-645

Author(s):

J. F. L.

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Student Achievement ◽

School Children ◽

York City ◽

Central Office ◽

Report Cards ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Wide Spread ◽

Education Commission

School children throughout New York City are taking home report cards this month—not their own, but those of their schools. The reports were ordered by Schools Chancellor Ramon C. Cortines, who has said that schools can be improved through more involvement by parents. The three-page annual reports, similar to those issued in New Jersey and other states, compare various aspects of a school's performance against the school system's. Report cards like these have been gaining in popularity throughout the country as a means of making schools more accountable to parents and other groups. "It's getting to be a pretty wide-spread practice," said Kathy Christy, a spokes-woman for the Education Commission of the States, a national clearinghouse for school statistics. "What parents want to know is, even though my child got straight As, how is my school or my district doing compared to other schools?" About forty-two states require that schools report to one central office about their performance or student achievement, she said, although not all require that they make such information available to parents.

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COVID-19 infection among people with HIV in New York City: A population-level analysis of linked surveillance data

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1793 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah L Braunstein ◽

Rachael Lazar ◽

Amanda Wahnich ◽

Demetre C Daskalakis ◽

Oni J Blackstock

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Level ◽

Health Department ◽

High Poverty ◽

Hiv Surveillance ◽

New Yorkers ◽

Death Data

Abstract Background New York City (NYC) was hard-hit by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and is also home to a large population of people with HIV (PWH). Methods We matched lab-confirmed COVID-19 case and death data reported to the NYC Health Department as of June 2, 2020, against the NYC HIV surveillance registry. We describe and compare the characteristics and COVID-19-related outcomes of PWH diagnosed with COVID-19 with all NYC PWH and with all New Yorkers diagnosed with COVID-19. Results Through June 2, 204,583 NYC COVID-19 cases were reported. The registry match identified 2,410 PWH with diagnosed COVID-19 eligible for analysis (1.06% of all COVID-19 cases). Compared with all NYC PWH and all New Yorkers diagnosed with COVID-19, a higher proportion of PWH with COVID-19 were older, male, Black or Latino, and living in high-poverty neighborhoods. At least one underlying condition was reported for 58.9% of PWH with COVID-19. Compared with all NYC COVID-19 cases, a higher proportion of PWH with COVID-19 experienced hospitalization, intensive care unit admission and/or death; most PWH who experienced poor COVID-19-related outcomes had CD4 <500 cells/µL. Conclusions Given NYC HIV prevalence is 1.5%, PWH were not overrepresented among COVID-19 cases. However, compared with NYC COVID-19 cases overall, a greater proportion of PWH had adverse COVID-19-related outcomes, perhaps because of a higher prevalence of factors associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. Given the pandemic’s exacerbating effects on health inequities, HIV public health and clinical communities must strengthen services and support for people living with and affected by HIV.

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