AbstractAnnihilation behaviors of athermal ω-phase crystals formed by cooling at 131 K for 10.8 ks under four different electron irradiation conditions of acceleration voltages of 200 kV and 160 kV, and beam currents of approximately 20 pA/cm2 and 5 pA/cm2 were investigated using in situ dark field and HREM observation methods at 131 K. The effect of acceleration voltages on the lifetimes is recognized, i.e., in the case of approximately equal electron beam current, lifetimes at 200 kV become shorter than those at 160 kV. Also, lifetimes depend on the electron beam current at 200 kV, i.e., the higher the beam currents, the shorter the lifetimes become. However, no distinct dependence can be seen at 160 kV. Since annihilations of athermal ω-phase crystals begin after the electron irradiation for a certain period in each condition, which depends on acceleration voltages and beam currents, it is suggested that the annihilation behaviors have incubation periods.
Simulating Neutron Radiation Damage of Graphite by In-situ Electron Irradiation