scholarly journals Characterization of the Detonation Pressure of a PETN Based PBX with the Optical Active Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Quaresma ◽  
Lukas Deimling ◽  
Jose Campos ◽  
Ricardo Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Detonation Pressure ◽  
Active Method

Crystal structure, thermodynamic properties and detonation characterization of bis(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methane

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongya Li ◽  
Biao Yan ◽  
Haixia Ma ◽  
Zhiyong Sun ◽  
Yajun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Detonation Velocity ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Detonation Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Equivalent Equation ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Experimental Density

Bis(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methane (BATZM, C5H8N8) was synthesized and its crystal structure characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; it belongs to the space group Fdd2 (orthorhombic) with Z = 8. The structure of BATZM can be described as a V-shaped molecule with reasonable chemical geometry and no disorder. The specific molar heat capacity (Cp,m ) of BATZM was determined using the continuous Cp mode of a microcalorimeter and theoretical calculations, and the Cp,m value is 211.19 J K−1 mol−1 at 298.15 K. The relative deviations between the theoretical and experimental values of Cp,m , HT – H 298.15K and ST – S 298.15K of BATZM are almost equivalent at each temperature. The detonation velocity (D) and detonation pressure (P) of BATZM were estimated using the nitrogen equivalent equation according to the experimental density; BATZM has a higher detonation velocity (7954.87 ± 3.29 m s−1) and detonation pressure (25.72 ± 0.03 GPa) than TNT.

Fabrication and Characterization of Nano-Structuring Polymeric Surfaces for MEMS Applications

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Takahashi ◽  
Kwok Siong Teh ◽  
Yen-Wen Lu
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Network ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Polymeric Films ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Polymeric Surfaces ◽  
Active Method ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
External Stimuli

Using external stimuli to control surface properties, such as surface topology or wettability, has been of great interest. This paper presents the fabrication, mechanism, and analysis of an active method that modulates surface nano-topology and wettability of polymeric films. The polymeric film possesses the unique property of electrical potential-induced wettability conversion: when its doping level is electrically altered, the interstitial ions are incorporated or released, causing the polymer network to stretch and thereby changing its surface morphology.

Crystal structure, thermal properties and detonation characterization of bis(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-3-yl)methane dichloride

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-827
Author(s):  
Hongya Li ◽  
Biao Yan ◽  
Haixia Ma ◽  
Xiangrong Ma ◽  
Zhiyong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Detonation Velocity ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Detonation Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Equivalent Equation ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Experimental Density

Bis(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-3-yl)methane dichloride (BATZM·Cl2 or C5H10N8 2+·2Cl−) was synthesized and crystallized, and the crystal structure was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; it belongs to the space group C2/c (monoclinic) with Z = 4. The structure of BATZM·Cl2 can be described as a V-shaped molecule with reasonable chemical geometry and no disorder, and its one-dimensional structure can be described as a rhombic helix. The specific molar heat capacity (Cp ,m) of BATZM·Cl2 was determined using the continuous C p mode of a microcalorimeter and theoretical calculations, and the Cp ,m value is 276.18 J K−1 mol−1 at 298.15 K. The relative deviations between the theoretical and experimental values of Cp ,m, HT – H 298.15K and ST – S 298.15K of BATZM·Cl2 are almost equivalent at each temperature. The detonation velocity (D) and detonation pressure (P) of BATZM·Cl2 were estimated using the nitrogen equivalent equation according to the experimental density; BATZM·Cl2 has a higher detonation velocity (7143.60 ± 3.66 m s−1) and detonation pressure (21.49 ± 0.03 GPa) than TNT. The above results for BATZM·Cl2 are compared with those of bis(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methane (BATZM) and the effect of salt formation on them is discussed.

Density Functional Theory Investigation and Detonation Characterization of DNPDNAZ

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 264-267
Author(s):  
Hong Ya Li ◽  
Tian Tian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Dft Method ◽  
Detonation Pressure ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
The Density Functional Theory ◽  
Equivalent Equation ◽  
Molecular Reactivity ◽  
Density Results

N-2’,4’-dinitrophenyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine (DNPDNAZ) is an important derivative of 3,3-dinitroazetidine (DNAZ). The density functional theory (DFT) method of the Amsterdam density functional (ADF) was used to calculate the geometry and frequencies. The detonation velocity (D) and detonation pressure (P) of DNPDNAZ were estimated using the nitrogen equivalent equation according to the experimental density. Results showed that the initial decomposition step of DNPDNAZ is the loss of NO2from C2 and N1 is the point of molecular reactivity,DandPare 7364.42 m·s-1and 23.75 GPa, respectively.

Crystal structure, thermal behaviour and detonation characterization of bis(4,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methane monohydrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 891-896
Author(s):  
Biao Yan ◽  
Hongya Li ◽  
Haixia Ma ◽  
Xiangrong Ma ◽  
Zhiyong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Detonation Pressure ◽  
Amino Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Equivalent Equation ◽  
Experimental Density

Bis(4,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methane monohydrate (BDATZM·H2O or C5H10N10·H2O) was synthesized and its crystal structure characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; it belongs to the space group P-1 (triclinic) with Z = 2. The structure of BDATZM·H2O can be described as a two-dimensional ladder plane with extensive hydrogen bonding and no disorder. The thermal behaviour was studied under non-isothermal conditions by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) methods. The detonation velocity (D) and detonation pressure (P) of BDATZM were estimated using the nitrogen equivalent equation according to the experimental density. A comparison between BDATZM·H2O and bis(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methane (BATZM) was made to determine the effect of the amino group; the results suggest that the amino group increases the hydrophilicity, space utilization and energy, and decreases the thermal stability and symmetry of the resulting compound.

Quantum Chemical Investigation and Detonation Characterization of DNAZ·HCl

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Biao Yan ◽  
Hong Yu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Dft Method ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Detonation Pressure ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
The Density Functional Theory ◽  
Equivalent Equation ◽  
Molecular Reactivity ◽  
Density Results

3,3-Dinitroazetidinium hydrochloride (DNAZ·HCl) is a novel insensitive high energy explosive. The density functional theory (DFT) method of the Amsterdam density functional (ADF) was used to calculate the geometry and frequencies. The detonation velocity (D) and detonation pressure (P) of DNAZ·HCl were estimated using the nitrogen equivalent equation according to the experimental density. Results showed that the initial decomposition step of DNAZ·HCl is the loss of NO2from C2 and Cl is the point of molecular reactivity.DandPare 6881.40 m·s-1and 20.85GPa, respectively.

Crystal structure, thermal properties and detonation characterization of bis(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-3-yl)methane dinitrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 965-971
Author(s):  
Hongya Li ◽  
Biao Yan ◽  
Haixia Ma ◽  
Xiangrong Ma ◽  
Zhiyong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Detonation Velocity ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Detonation Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Equivalent Equation ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Experimental Density

Bis(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-3-yl)methane dinitrate, BATZM·(NO3)2 or C5H10N8 2+·2NO3 −, was synthesized and its crystal structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the space group Pbcn (orthorhombic) with Z = 4. BATZM·(NO3)2 is a V-shaped molecule where hydrogen bonds form a two-dimensional corrugated sheet with reasonable chemical geometry and no disorder. The specific molar heat capacity (C p,m) of BATZM·(NO3)2 was determined using the continuous C p mode of a microcalorimeter and theoretical calculations, and the C p,m value is 366.14 J K−1 mol−1 at 298.15 K. The relative deviations between the theoretical and experimental values of C p,m, HT – H 298.15K and ST – S 298.15K of BATZM·(NO3)2 are almost equivalent at each temperature. The detonation velocity (D) and detonation pressure (P) were estimated using the nitrogen equivalent equation according to the experimental density; BATZM·(NO3)2 has a higher detonation velocity (7927.47 ± 3.63 m s−1) and detonation pressure (27.50 ± 0.03 GPa) than 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The above results for BATZM·(NO3)2 are compared with those of bis(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methane (BATZM) and bis(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-3-yl)methane dihydrochloride (BATZM·Cl2), and the effect of nitrate formation is discussed.

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
B. H. Kear ◽  
J. M. Oblak
Keyword(s):  
Stable Phase ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Commercial Alloy ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Base Superalloy ◽  
Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

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