Integrated pest management (IPM): definition, historical development and implementation, and the other IPM

The fundamentals of managing pests in protected structures are very similar in many respects to managing pests in field crops. But conditions within a protected structure can be modified to a certain degree to prevent, delay, or even mitigate pest issues. On the other hand, conditions that discourage one group of pests can often favor another. This 7-page fact sheet was written by Hugh A. Smith, Gary E. Vallad, and Bielinski M. Santos, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, June 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in994

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Effect of Potassium Silicate Application on Populations of Asian Citrus Psyllid in Tahiti Lime

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04066-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 684-691

Author(s):

Augusto Ramírez-Godoy ◽

María del Pilar Vera-Hoyos ◽

Natalia Jiménez-Beltrán ◽

Hermann Restrepo-Díaz

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Crop Production ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Potassium Silicate ◽

The Other ◽

Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽

Diaphorina Citri ◽

Old Trees ◽

Foliar Concentration

Asian citrus psyllid [ACP (Diaphorina citri)] is one of the most serious threats to the global citrus (Citrus sp.) culture, and management of ACP has depended primarily on the application of chemical insecticides. The expression of resistance mechanisms to herbivory is a key component in integrated pest management in crop production in which silicon (Si) applications can play an important role in plant–insect relationships. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the application of Si to tahiti lime (Citrus latifolia) plants under natural infestations of ACP. Two experiments were conducted using 15-month-old seedlings and 2-year-old trees, respectively. Treatments were 1) foliar Si sprays (potassium silicate) at a dose of 2 mL·L–1, 2) soil Si application at a dose of 1 kg commercial product per plant, 3) combined soil and foliar applications of Si at the doses just listed, and 4) untreated plants (control). The application of Si treatments to both seedlings and trees affected ACP oviposition, causing a reduction of 60%. Applications of Si did not affect the nutritional status (macronutrients and micronutrients) of plants in either test, except that the foliar concentration of Si tended to be greater in the soil and soil + foliar treatments than in the other treatment in both seedlings and trees. Based on these results, we suggest that Si can be added as a component of ACP integrated pest management programs.

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Insecticidal effect of deltamethrin, dinotefuran and spiromesifen against the sugarcane whitefly Neomaskellia andropogonis on CP69-1062 sugarcane cultivar

Hellenic Plant Protection Journal ◽

10.2478/hppj-2021-0005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

P. Koohzad-Mohammadi ◽

M. Ziaee ◽

A. Nikpay

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

The Other ◽

Sugarcane Cultivar ◽

Insecticidal Effect ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Selective Chemical ◽

Neomaskellia Andropogonis

SummaryThe sugarcane whitefly, Neomaskellia andropogonis Corbett (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the important pests of sugarcane in Iran. The use of selective chemical insecticides helps to suppress whitefly infestations. Although several insecticides from various groups have been registered to control whiteflies, this is the first study to test the efficacy of deltamethrin, dinotefuran and spiromesifen insecticides against eggs, second instar nymphs and pupae of the sugarcane whitefly on CP69-1062 sugarcane cultivar. Five concentrations of the tested insecticides were applied in a leaf dipping bioassay under laboratory conditions. Probit analysis indicated that deltamethrin and dinotefuran with LC50 values of 50.1 and 49.5 ppm were the most toxic insecticides against eggs of N. andropogonis. Deltamethrin controlled nymphal and pupal stages more effective than the other two tested insecticides and the LC50 values were 49.7 and 5.44 ppm on nymphs and pupae, respectively. The LC50 values of dinotefuran on second instar nymphs and pupae were 564.7 and 78.7 ppm and the values were 270.9 and 18.3 ppm for spiromesifen, respectively. The results support the use of the insecticides in rotation according to their different mode of action in integrated pest management programs of the sugarcane whitefly N. andropogonis.

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Resistance Affects the Field Performance of Insecticides Used for Control of Choristoneura rosaceana in Michigan Apples and Cherries

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12090846 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 846

Author(s):

Abdulwahab M. Hafez ◽

David Mota-Sanchez ◽

Christine Vandervoort ◽

John C. Wise

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Residue Analysis ◽

Field Performance ◽

The Other ◽

Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽

Emamectin Benzoate ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

Important Chemical ◽

Chemical Tools

Field-based residual bioassays and residue analysis were conducted to assess the field performance and toxicity longevity of different insecticides that had previously been associated with resistance of Choristoneura rosaceana populations collected from apple and cherry orchards. In this study, 12–24 h-old larvae of apple and cherry populations were exposed to apple and cherry leaf samples, respectively, at post-application intervals and a susceptible population served as a reference of each. In the apple and cherry trials, the order of residual longevity of insecticides that effectively controlled the tested populations was as follows: bifenthrin and spinetoram (apple: 14, cherry 21-day post-application), phosmet (apple: 7, cherry 14-day post-application), chlorantraniliprole (apple: 7-day post-application), and indoxacarb and emamectin benzoate (apple: 1, cherry 7-day post-application). Compared to the susceptible population, the resistant populations resulted in a measurable loss of field performance, or “practical resistance”, for the insecticides emamectin benzoate (at 7-day post-application), chlorantraniliprole (at 21-day post-application), and indoxacarb (at all post-application intervals) in the apple trials, while in cherry trial just indoxacarb at 7-day post-application showed a reduced efficacy. In terms of long-lasting residues, only chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb maintained measurable leaf residues over all post-application intervals while the leaf residues of the other compounds had largely degraded within the first 7 days. These findings can help fruit growers make adjustments to their spray/re-application intervals and optimally utilize important chemical tools in their integrated pest management programs.

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Aqueous extract of pequi fruit to control Spodoptera frugiperda in corn

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000072017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria das Dores da Cruz Souza ◽

Teresinha Augusta Giustolin ◽

Clarice Diniz Alvarenga ◽

João Natal de Jesus Costa ◽

Ignácio Aspiazú

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Insecticidal Activity ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

The Other ◽

Base Line ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Extract Concentration ◽

Visual Scoring ◽

Corn Plants

ABSTRACT: Pequi fruit peels contain steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, compounds that are potentially useful for integrated pest management. As such, the aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of aqueous extracts of pequi fruit peels on Spodoptera frugiperda. Field-grown corn plants of the cultivar ‘Al Alvaré’ were sprayed with extract concentrations of 0.8%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% (v/v) 40 and 47 days after germination. The pequi peels were chopped, oven dried (65°C for 72 hours), and ground in a grinding mill. The resulting powder was used to prepare a base-line extract (10%), and the other concentrations evaluated were prepared by diluting this extract. The intensity of the damage caused by S. frugiperda caterpillars was evaluated 43, 46, 50, and 53 days after germination, using a visual scoring scale. Application of the extract decreased the amount of damage caused by the caterpillars. The 5% extract concentration was the most effective, while the 10% extract concentration showed evidence of phytotoxicity after the second spraying. These results suggest that the pequi extract is toxic to the S. frugiperda caterpillars and can be used for the management of this pest.

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ESTIMATED DEMAND OF BIO PESTICIDES IN INDIA-A VIVID PICTURE

EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) ◽

10.36713/epra5476 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 309-311

Author(s):

Dr.V.Gurumoorthy

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Key Words ◽

Pest Management ◽

Organic Farming ◽

The Other ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Market Size ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

Organic Products ◽

Considerable Impact

Bio pesticides are pesticides which are formed by using natural materials like plants, animals and its excreta, bacteria and minerals. Bio pesticides are often used in Integrated Pest Management(IPM) also. Conventional pesticides, on the other hand, use synthetic materials to control pests. However, due to increased awareness about the detrimental effects of conventional pesticides, the demand for bio pesticides has been steadily increasing. With the organic farming being an influential factor in the current farming setup, bio pesticides play a significant role in the entire organic inputs sector. Bio pesticides are need of the hour due to increase in pest resistance and yield. The global biopesticides market size is projected to grow at a CAGR of 14.7% from an estimated billion value of USD 4.3 billion in 2020 to reach USD 8.5 billion by 2025. Thus, the growing organic products market has made a considerable impact in the demand for bio pesticides. Against this backdrop, the present study is taken up to analyse the estimated demand of bio pesticides in India. KEY WORDS: Bio pesticides, demand

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Bioactivity of aqueous extracts of Clibadium sylvestre (Aubl.) Baill. and Derris amazonica Killip on the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542011000600004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1059-1066 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Camila Cramer Filgueiras ◽

Paulo Roberto Silva Farias ◽

Maria das Graças Cardoso ◽

José Djair Vendramim ◽

Edson Marcos Leal Soares Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Myzus Persicae ◽

The Other ◽

Deterrent Effect ◽

Botanical Insecticides ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Choice Preference

Studies with botanical insecticides have become more popular as an alternative to Integrated Pest Management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of leaf and fruit aqueous extracts, from the species Clibadium sylvestre, and leaves and root of Derris amazonica species at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8%, in the control of the aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Four experiments were conducted; two tests with choice preference and two tests with no choice preference, giving nine treatments and five repetitions. Phytochemical screening was carried out from the leaves and fruit of the species C. sylvestre and leaves and root of D. amazonica. Evaluations of mortality, number of nymphs, and deterrence index of the insects were conducted 24, 48 and 72 h after the application of the extracts. The aqueous extracts tested from C. sylvestre fruit concentrations had the highest mortality compared to the control; in the analysis of the number of the nymphs, the aqueous extract from fruit at 8% concentration had a higher efficiency than the other treatments. The D. amazonica leaves extract at 1% concentration showed the highest mortality and the lowest number of nymphs. The D. amazonica root extracts increased mortality at all concentrations tested, and the 8% concentration had the fewest nymphs. All treatments showed a deterrent effect. The 72 h period showed the greatest effect of the extracts, on two species of insects.

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Epiphytic Pseudomonas syringae on Dry Beans Treated with Copper-Based Bactericides

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1998.82.1.30 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K. A. Garrett ◽

H. F. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Copper Resistance ◽

The Other ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Pinto Bean ◽

Cupric Hydroxide

The response of epiphytic populations of Pseudomonas syringae and other bacteria on dry bean plants to four copper-based bactericides was evaluated. The bactericides showed little difference in efficacy, but epiphytic populations on pinto bean leaflets, flowers, and pods were occasionally reduced when compared to populations on non-treated control plants, especially after repeated bactericide applications. Although there was a trend toward a relationship between epiphytic leaflet and flower populations, there were cases where P. syringae was undetected on one organ but abundant in samples from the other organ. P. syringae pv. syringae strains recovered from epiphytic populations demonstrated much greater copper resistance than did strains of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola, as measured by growth on media amended with cupric hydroxide. This difference between the pathovars may have implications for integrated pest management strategies.

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Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082753 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 378-379

Author(s):

J. R. Adams ◽

G. J Tompkins ◽

A. M. Heimpel ◽

E. Dougherty

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Management Program ◽

Acheta Domesticus ◽

Epilachna Varivestis ◽

House Cricket ◽

Similar Morphology ◽

Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

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