Split application of nutrients improve growth and yield of Huanglongbing‐affected citrus treeS

A field trial was conducted at the experimental farm of the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, to determine the growth and yield response of cucumber (cv. Poinsett) to timing of fertilizer application. Fertilizer (20:10:10), at the rate of 150 kg N ha-1, was applied at: planting, 3 weeks after planting (WAP) and 6 WAP. Similarly, split applications were given at planting + 3 WAP, at planting + 6 WAP and at 3 WAP + 6 WAP. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with seven treatments (six fertilizer application treatments plus a non fertilizer control) and four replications. Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 5% level of significance. In general, plants that were fertilized performed better than control plants in terms of vegetative growth and yield. A split application at 3 WAP + 6 WAP performed the best in terms of vegetative growth and fruit yield. Fertilizer applied once-over at 6 WAP was the least beneficial; application of fertilizer once-over at planting, or a split application at planting + 3 WAP, resulted in a high level of vegetative growth but lower fruit yield compared with the split application at 3 WAP + 6 WAP. Key words: Cucumber, N-P-K., time of application, vegetative growth, fruit yield

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Effect of split application of sulphur and nitrogen on growth and yield attributes of Brassica genotypes differing in time of flowering

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p98-074 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 175-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Altaf Ahmad ◽

Y. P. Abrol ◽

M. Z. Abdin

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Split Application ◽

Area Index ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Biological Yield

According to prevalent agronomic practices for cultivation of Brassica genotypes, N is applied in split doses, while S is applied as a basal dose. This may create imbalance in the supply of these nutrients during the growth and development of the crop because metabolism of N and that of S are closely linked and play a central role in protein synthesis. The requirement of one depends on the supply of the other, and the imbalance in their supply causes a reduction in the yield because of reduced uptake and assimilation of the two nutrients. In the present investigation, therefore, S was applied in split doses, along with N, to study its effect on growth and yield attributes of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Coss. (V1) and Brassica campestris L. (V2). In the experiment, conducted in the field, 40 kg S ha−1 as CaSO4 (gypsum) was applied either in a single basal application (S1) or in two (S2) or three (S3) split applications; and 100 kg N ha−1 as urea was applied either in two (N2) or three (N3) splits. Biomass accumulation, leaf-area index (LAI), leaf-area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR) and photosynthesis in the leaves were determined at various phenological stages. Split application of S and N (S2N2 or S3N3) resulted in significant improvement in growth and yield of both the genotypes compared with the application of S in a single basal application and N in two splits (S1N2). Genetic variability was observed between the two genotypes in response to split application of S and N. V1 responded better when S and N was applied in two split doses (S2N2) than when it was applied as S1N2 or S3N3 This S2N2 treatment resulted in 40.0, 39.7, 35.5, 48.2 and 18.1% enhancement in biomass accumulation, LAI, LAD, CGR and photosynthetic rate, respectively in comparison with S1N2. Seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were improved by 38.3, 26.3 and 9.5%, respectively, by S2N2 over the results obtained with S1N2. In the case of V2, three split applications of S and N (S3N3) resulted in maximum growth and yield. Increases in biomass accumulation, LAI, LAD, CGR and photosynthetic rate due to application of S3N3 were 48.4, 81.3, 77.9, 101.1 and 28.6% respectively, over the results of S1N2. Seed yield, biological yield and harvest index improved by 41.3, 26.9 and 11.6% respectively, with this treatment.On the basis of results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that S must be applied in split doses for optimum growth and yield of Brassica genotypes. The variability in response of these genotypes to split application of S and N was due to differences in flowering time, as V1 flowered earlier (just after the application of the second dose of S and N) than V1 (just after the application of the third dose of S and N). Key words: Brassica genotypes, nitrogen, sulphur, split application, growth, yield

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Agronomic Evaluation of New Varieties of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) under Different Rates and Modes of NPK (12-12-17-2) Fertilizer Application in Two Seasons

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb10110190 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 107-116

Author(s):

Stella O. MUOJIAMA ◽

Christian U. AGBO ◽

Simon C. EZE ◽

Charles U. UBA

Keyword(s):

Fertilizer Application ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Split Application ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Early Planting ◽

Fertilizer Application Rate ◽

Cassava Production ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Npk Fertilizer

A study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka to evaluate the growth and yield of four improved cassava varieties, determine their optimum NPK fertilizer rate and the best modes of fertilizer application for increased productivity. The experiment was factorial laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Four varieties of cassava, four fertilizer rates and three modes of fertilizer application were used for the study. The early planting had higher survival count, number of leaves, tuber and garri yield when compared with late planting. The variety TMS 98 05 05 gave significantly (p< 0.05) higher number of leaves, tuber and garri yields of 39.8 and 9.68 t/ha, respectively, at 12 months. At 6 months of crop growth, 200 kg/ha fertilizer application rate gave significantly higher tuber and garri yield of 24.69 t/ha and 5.15 t/ha, respectively. Furthermore, 400 kg/ha of NPK fertilizer rate gave higher tuber and garri yields of 39.4 and 10.12 t/ha, respectively at 12 months of crop growth. Split application of fertilizer gave significantly higher tuber and garri yield from single application, though it is statistically similar to split-split application. Therefore, early planting, 400 kg/ha fertilizer rate and split application should be adopted for cassava production. The variety TMS 98 05 05 with higher growth and yield should also be adopted by farmers for cassava production in Nsukka derived savannah agro-ecology.

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Foliar Applications of Essential Nutrients on Growth and Yield of ‘Valencia’ Sweet Orange Infected with Huanglongbing

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11026-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (12) ◽

pp. 1482-1493 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Kelly T. Morgan ◽

Robert E. Rouse ◽

Robert C. Ebel

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies ◽

Citrus Paradisi ◽

Essential Nutrients ◽

Canopy Volume ◽

Foliar Concentration ◽

Citrus Trees

Huanglongbing (HLB) causes citrus root systems to decline, which in turn contributes to deficiencies of essential nutrients followed by decline of the canopy and yield. This study was conducted on a 6-year-old ‘Valencia’ [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] on Swingle rootstock (Citrus paradisi Macf. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) trees in a commercial grove near Immokalee, FL, to evaluate the effects of foliar applications of selected essential nutrients (N, K, Mn, Zn, B, and Mg) on growth and productivity of citrus trees infected with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the pathogen putatively associated with HLB in Florida. Mn, Zn, B, and Mg were applied in all experiments to drip at 0×, 0.5×, 1.0×, and 2.0×/spray of what has been traditionally recommended in Florida to correct deficiencies. Treatments were applied foliarly 3×/year with the sprays occurring during each growth flush for 5 years (2010–14). Thus, the 0×, 0.5×, 1.0×, and 2.0×/spray treatments resulted in 0×, 1.5×, 3.0×, and 6.0×/year to correct deficiencies. MnS04 and ZnSO4 were applied with or without KNO3 and in separate experiments were compared with Mn3(PO3)2 and Zn3(PO3)2, respectively. Disease incidence, foliar nutrient content, canopy volume, and yield were measured. At the beginning of the experiment, foliar N, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, and B were in the sufficient range and K, Mn, Zn, and Fe were slightly low. Disease incidence was very high with 83% and 98% of trees testing positive for CLas in 2010 and 2014, respectively. Nutrients that are not mobile or have limited mobility in plants, namely Mn, Zn, and B, demonstrated an increase in foliar concentration immediately after spray and in the annual averages. Foliar K increased from the deficient to the sufficient level by KNO3 sprays, but the mobile nutrients N and Mg did not show an increase in foliar levels, indicating that intraplant transport occurs in the presence of HLB. Foliar KNO3 application had a stronger effect on growth than yield. Yield was most strongly affected by application of MnSO4 where yield of the 3×/year treatment was 45% higher than that of the unsprayed control, but yield declined by 25% for the 6×/year treatment. Yield within 95% of the maximum occurred with foliar Mn concentrations of 70–100 µg·g−1 dry weight when Mn was applied as MnSO4, which is at the high end of the traditionally recommended 25–100 µg·g−1 dry weight range. The phosphite form of Mn [Mn3(PO3)2] depressed yield by an average of 25% across all application concentrations. Zn, B, and Mg did not significantly impact yield. Canopy volume demonstrated concave relationships across application concentrations for MnSO4 and ZnSO4 without KNO3 and Mn3(PO3)2, Zn3(PO3)2, Boron, and MgSO4 with KNO3, with the minimum occurring near the 3×/year application concentration. These data indicate a complex interaction in the amount of nutrients applied and their corresponding effects on foliar concentration, growth, and yield for HLB-affected trees. The results of this study at least partially explain the current confusion among scientists and the commercial industry in how to manage nutrition of HLB-affected citrus trees. The traditionally recommended approaches to correcting nutrient deficiencies need to be reconsidered for citrus with HLB.

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Efficiency of different Nitrogen Source, doses and Split application on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh

IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science ◽

10.9790/2380-07213942 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 39-42

Author(s):

Arun Joshi ◽

◽

J. K Gupta ◽

S. K. Choudhary ◽

D. K. Paliwal

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Nitrogen Source ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Madhya Pradesh ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Split Application

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Nitrogen Fertilization Management with Blends of Controlled-Release and Conventional Urea Affects Common Bean Growth and Yield during Mild Winters in Brazil

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121935 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1935

Author(s):

Pedro Lopes Garcia ◽

Renata Alcarde Sermarini ◽

Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Management Practices ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Economic Losses ◽

15N Recovery ◽

Split Application ◽

N Application ◽

Trifoliate Leaf ◽

Broadcast Application

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) requires nitrogen (N) during its vegetative and reproductive stages. A single application of a blend of polymer-sulfur coated urea (PSCU) and conventional urea (U) treated with NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide) can meet that demand. Broadcast application could improve yield than other N management practices. This research evaluated two blends (70%PSCU + 30%U and 30%PSCU + 70%U) and three N fertilization managements (incorporated, broadcast, and split application) on soil ammonia volatilization (AV) and N mineral content (NM); plant N uptake (NU) and 15N recovery from U (NUR); and yield (GY). Irrigated field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Rhodic Eutrustox soil. The N application rate was 90 kg ha−1. AV reached 12% (30%PSCU + 70%U, broadcast application) and 14% of the applied N (split application at the third trifoliate leaf unfolded stage (V4)). The incorporated application resulted in higher NM in the vegetative and reproductive stages than the other management practices. Broadcast application resulted in higher NU than split application at physiological maturity. Split application resulted in higher NUR (grain) and GY than broadcast application. There was a positive correlation between NUR (grain) and GY in all N fertilization management treatments. The NUR values reached 48% (30%PSCU + 70%U) and 18% (70%PSCU + 30%U). Split N application using these blends can improve NUR in grain and GY compared to broadcast application in Rhodic Eutrustox soil. This information can help farmers improve the fertilization management practices used with these blends, and thereby avoid economic losses and environmental pollution.

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Effect of Split Application of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2020/v42i630536 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

Ainuddin Amani ◽

Mohammad Aalim Behzad

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Yield Component ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Split Application ◽

Straw Yield ◽

1000 Grain Weight

Studies pertaining to effect of split application of nitrogen on growth and yield of wheat was carried out at Agricultural Research Farm of Kunduz University during 2018-19 using RCBD with three replications. Nitrogen by Urea was applied; 50% N as basal + 50% N at tillering, 50% N as basal + 50% N at flowering, 50% N as basal + 25% N at tillering + 25% N at flowering, 33% N as basal + 66% N at tillering, 33% N as basal + 66% N at flowering, 33% N at basal + 33% N at tillaring +33% N at flowering. The results showed that split application of nitrogen in 2 split (33% N as basal + 66% N at tillering) increases the all growth parameters [height of plant (105.25 cm), number of tillers (6.16 tiller plant-1), spicks (5.63 spick plant-1) and spikelet per spick (16.66 spikelet spick-1), the yield and yield component; 1000 grain weight (34.60 g), grain yield (5208.22 kg ha-1) and straw yield (8853.98 kg ha-1) increases with 33% N as basal + 33% N at tillering + 33% N at flowering.

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Effects of Split Application of Urea Fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties, Maize Performance and Profitability in Southwest Nigeria

The Open Agriculture Journal ◽

10.2174/1874331502014010036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 36-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oluwaseyi I. Ogunboye ◽

Aruna O. Adekiya ◽

Babatunde S. Ewulo ◽

Adeniyi Olayanju

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Split Application ◽

Southwest Nigeria

Background: Since N fertilizer applied to maize (Zea mays L.) is prone to loss by leaching, it is important to derive an application time during the phenology of maize when the fertilizer is most efficiently and effectively used by the crop with minimal losses. Objective: Hence, experiments were carried out in 2014 at two locations in Osogbo southwest Nigeria to determine the effects of split application of N fertilizer on soil chemical properties, maize performance, and profitability. Methods: The treatments were: (i) control, (ii) 120 kg N ha-1 Applied at Planting (AP), (iii) two split applications (SA) of 120 kg N ha-1 {90 kg N ha-1 applied AP + 30kg N ha-1 at thirty Days After Planting (DAP) [90 + 30]}, and (iv) three SA of 120 kg N ha-1 {60 kg N ha-1 applied AP + 30 kg N ha-1 thirty DAP + 30 kg N ha-1 at tasselling[60+30+30]}. The four treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Results: Results indicate that at both sites, SA three times (60+30+30) has the most improved soil chemical properties, growth and yield of maize relative to other methods. The yield parameters increased in the order: control < 120 kg N ha-1 applied once < 90+30 < 60+30+30. Using the mean of both sites, 60+30+30 increased yield of maize by 15.3%, 37.1% and 138.2%, respectively compared with 90+30, 120 kg N ha-1 applied once and the control. Optimum returns were recorded by 60+30+30 with net return of ₦ 227,600 and a benefit cost ratio of 3.67:1 while the application of 120 kg N ha-1 applied once has a return of ₦ 157,200 with a benefit ratio of 2.9. These results show that farmers would benefit by making more profit by adopting the method of SA of N fertilizer three times (60+30+30). Conclusion: Therefore, for improved soil chemical properties, growth, yield and profitability of maize, N fertilizer application should be structured in accordance with this pattern of uptake to avoid losses by leaching and therefore ensure that N level in the soil is high at the critical stage of N demand.

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