scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization Management with Blends of Controlled-Release and Conventional Urea Affects Common Bean Growth and Yield during Mild Winters in Brazil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1935
Author(s):  
Pedro Lopes Garcia ◽  
Renata Alcarde Sermarini ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
15N Recovery ◽  
Split Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Broadcast Application

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) requires nitrogen (N) during its vegetative and reproductive stages. A single application of a blend of polymer-sulfur coated urea (PSCU) and conventional urea (U) treated with NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide) can meet that demand. Broadcast application could improve yield than other N management practices. This research evaluated two blends (70%PSCU + 30%U and 30%PSCU + 70%U) and three N fertilization managements (incorporated, broadcast, and split application) on soil ammonia volatilization (AV) and N mineral content (NM); plant N uptake (NU) and 15N recovery from U (NUR); and yield (GY). Irrigated field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Rhodic Eutrustox soil. The N application rate was 90 kg ha−1. AV reached 12% (30%PSCU + 70%U, broadcast application) and 14% of the applied N (split application at the third trifoliate leaf unfolded stage (V4)). The incorporated application resulted in higher NM in the vegetative and reproductive stages than the other management practices. Broadcast application resulted in higher NU than split application at physiological maturity. Split application resulted in higher NUR (grain) and GY than broadcast application. There was a positive correlation between NUR (grain) and GY in all N fertilization management treatments. The NUR values reached 48% (30%PSCU + 70%U) and 18% (70%PSCU + 30%U). Split N application using these blends can improve NUR in grain and GY compared to broadcast application in Rhodic Eutrustox soil. This information can help farmers improve the fertilization management practices used with these blends, and thereby avoid economic losses and environmental pollution.

Management of fertilizer nitrogen for direct-sown, rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Panda ◽  
R. N. Samantaray ◽  
S. Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Coated Urea

SummaryField experiments were conducted in wet seasons (June-December) for 4 years on a clay loam Haplaquept, to study the effects of different N management practices on yield, urea and ammonium-N in flood water and N nutrition of an clite rice cv. CR 1009, grown in rainfed lowlands. During the first 3 years of the experiment, fertilizer management practices like band placement of neem-cake-coated urea (NCU), broadcast application of sulphur-coated urea (SCU) at sowing, or point placement of urea supergranules (USG) 3 weeks after germination at 40 kg N/ha gave grain yields of 3·1–3·4 t·ha, which were almost equal to that of split application of prilled urea (PU). In the 4th year of the experiment, besides NCU and USG, single dose applications of PU as band placement, incorporation in the soil at sowing or broadcast incorporation of soil-treated urea at early tillering was also found to have similar effect on grain yield and N uptake as split application of PU. The flood water of the treatment receiving broadcast application of PU at tillering contained some urea and ammonium N, which rapidly decreased to negligible amounts in 3·4 days.The results suggest that, depending upon the feasibility, any one of the single dose application methods at sowing time or 3 weeks after germination may be adopted in this system of rice culture, which avoids top-dressing of PU to surface flowing flood water of greater depths at later stages of crop growth.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) IN DECHA DISTRICT, SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Mitiku Woldesenbet ◽  
Asnakech Haileyesus
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fertilization Level ◽  
Maize Response

Maize response to high nitrogenous fertilization levels is a means among other means to know maximum productivity, from this perspective, a field nitrogen management trial using five N levels (0, 23, 46, 69 and 92 kg N/ha) with three replications. The study was conducted in 2015 in Decha District, ModyoGomberaKebele of Kaffa Zone, SNNPR State. The experiment was laid out in RCBD. The result of this study indicated that effects of different rates of N fertilizer had influenced the growth and yield components of maize. The tallest plant (360.66 cm) was recorded from the application of 92 kg N ha-1 and the shortest (347.33 cm) from no N application. The ANoVA for the number of kernels per ear showed that the lowest kernels per ear (497.86) were obtained from no N application and the highest kernels per ear (588) were obtained from the application of 92 kg N ha-1 although there was no significant difference between the application of 69 and 92 kg N ha-1. Regarding to ear length the data showed that the longest ear (23.63 cm) was obtained from the application of 92 kg N ha-1. The effect of N on  grain yield indicated that there is no significant difference between the application of 69 and 92 kg N ha-1 even if there is a slight difference on yield. Generally, maximum N fertilization level (92 Kg N/ha) in this study area showed increase in growth and yield components (number of kernels per ear and ear length). However the application of 69 kg N ha-1 seems adequate to get the optimum yield.

EFFECTS OF ANNUAL RATE AND TIMING OF N FERTILIZATION ON PRODUCTION OF TIMOTHY, BROMEGRASS, AND REED CANARYGRASS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NARASIMHALU ◽  
W. N. BLACK ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Forage Yields

The effects of rate and time of N fertilization in the presence of sufficient P and K on seasonal and annual forage yields were studied on timothy, bromegrass, and reed canarygrass for 4 yr. Nitrogen treatments consisted of a control (receiving no N) and two to four split applications of N at the annual rates of 169, 225 and 280 kg N/ha. The annual rates of N application increased spring production of timothy but did not affect the seasonal and annual yields of the other crops. A split application of a portion of 225 or 280 kg N/ha in early summer instead of mid-summer increased timothy production during that season. Bromegrass production in spring was increased with an early spring application of a portion of the annual N rate of 280 kg/ha. Reed canarygrass production was not affected by split treatments of N. Nitrogen fertilization reduced white clover populations in the fields of timothy and reed canarygrass and of broad-leafed weed populations in all the forage crops.

Utilisation de l'engrais azoté marqué au 15N par le maïs selon les modes d'application et les doses d'azote

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Sen Tran ◽  
Marcel Giroux ◽  
Michel P. Cescas
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Split Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
N Rates

The main objective of this study was to compare the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer by different methods of N application and N rates. Field experiments were carried out for 3 yr at Saint-Hyacinthe (Saint-Damase, Du Contour, Sainte-Rosalie soils) and at Saint-Lambert, Lévis (Le Bras soil). Grain corn (cv. Pride K228, 2700 CHU) and silage corn (cv. Hyland 3251, 2300 CHU) were grown at Saint-Hyacinthe and Saint-Lambert, respectively. In 1988 and 1989, field trials were arranged in a randomized complete bloc design consisting of five treatments in three replications: control 0 N and four split application methods of N fertilizer. Labelled 15NH4 15NO3 fertilizer was applied either banded at planting as starter (D), broadcast and incorporated before planting (Vs) or sidedressing between rows at V6 to V8 stages of corn (Bp). In 1990 field trials, treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1) labelled with 15NH4 15NO3. The effect of N rates on yield and N uptake by corn was significant in all years. However, the effect of application methods was significant only on the soil Du Contour in 1989 where corn grain yield was highest when N fertilizer was split as starter and sidedress band. The CUR of N fertilizer applied broadcast before planting (42 to 48%) was generally lower than sidedressing band application (43 to 54%). N fertilizer recovery in the starter showed also high CUR values (45 to 60%). Consequently, it is recommended to split N fertilizers and apply in band to increase efficiency for grain corn. The CUR values decreased with N rates only in Le Bras soil in 1990. Residual N fertilizer increased from 27 to 103 kg N ha−1 for 60 and 180 kg N ha−1 rates, respectively. Consequently, the environmental impact of N fertilization may increased with high N rate. Key words: Grain corn, silage corn, 15N recovery, fertilizer N split application

scholarly journals NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND EXPORT BY COMMON BEAN AS A FUNCTION OF STRAW AND N SPLITTING IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
FÁBIO LUIZ CHECCHIO MINGOTTE ◽  
FÁBIO TIRABOSCHI LEAL ◽  
MARCELA MIDORI YADA DE ALMEIDA ◽  
ORLANDO FERREIRA MORELLO ◽  
TATIANA PAGAN LOEIRO DA CUNHA-CHIAMOLERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Splitting Schemes ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Determining nitrogen (N) accumulation and export by common bean as a function of straw and of the splitting of this nutrient is very important, aiming at the management and sustainability of agricultural systems. This study aimed to determine the N accumulation and export by common bean as a function of Zea mays and Urochloa ruziziensis grass straw (maize, maize/U. ruziziensis intercropping and U. ruziziensis) and splitting of top-dressing N fertilization. The experiment was conducted in Jaboticabal-SP-Brazil, during the 2012/13 crop season, in a Red Eutrophic Oxisol (Eutrudox) in no-tillage under irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots with four replicates, totaling 120 subplots sized in 25m2 each. The plots consisted of the cropping systems prior to common bean: maize, maize/ U. ruziziensis intercropping and U. ruziziensis. The subplots were composed of ten top-dressing N fertilization splitting schemes (NS) at the phenological stages V3, V4 and R5 in different combinations. Common bean grain yield differs among cropping systems and as a function of top-dressed N split application. U. ruziziensis grass as single crop promotes greater N accumulation in common bean shoots compared to maize and its intercropping with U. ruziziensis grass. Regardless the cropping system, top-dressing N application in a single dose (90 kg ha-1) at V4 leads to similar accumulations and exports to those found in the absence of N fertilization. Splitting schemes with N application at the R5 stage increase the exports of this nutrient by common bean in succession to maize and its intercropping with U. ruziziensis grass.

Variation in harvest index of maize (Zea mays) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in a marginal rainfall area of Kenya

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Pilbeam
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Short Rains ◽  
Total Dry Weight

SUMMARYMaize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown in five seasons, beginning in the long rains 1990 and ending in the short rains 1992, at Kiboko, Kenya under a range of different management conditions (N fertilization, irrigation, population density and intercropping). Seed weight was plotted against total dry weight to determine harvest index for both crops. For bean the intercept of this relationship for each experiment, with one exception, was not significantly different from zero, so that the slopes of the regressions were the harvest indices. Harvest indices for bean varied more between seasons (0·38–00·85) than from the effects of management practices (00·53–0·71). Over all seasons and treatments, the index for bean did not vary systematically with crop weight, and averaged 0·50. By contrast, a similar analysis for maize over all seasons and treatments, showed that the harvest index varied with crop dry weight, approaching an asymptotic value as dry weight increased. The regression intercepts for the different experiments were significantly different from each other, and in three cases differed significantly from zero. Therefore, although the slopes for the different experiments were parallel, they did not always represent the harvest index.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen and the method of application on the yield of cauliflower

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Everaarts ◽  
C.P. De Moel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
N Application ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
High Yields

The effects of nitrogen on cauliflower yields were studied over a period of 3 seasons at several locations. The cultivar used was Fremont in some cases and Plana in others. Different amounts of N fertilizer were applied at planting and were broadcast or band placed. Another treatment consisted of a split application. The number of plants harvested was not consistently influenced by the amount of N or the method of application. N application influenced the size of the marketable curd. At high yields, band placement had no advantage over broadcast application with regard to increasing the yield or reducing the amount of fertilizer supplied. Split application did not increase the yield and sometimes even decreased the yield. The best correlation between yield and N availability was found when the mineral nitrogen (Nmin) in the soil layer 0-60 cm at planting was taken into account. N fertilizer application was optimal when it produced an Nmin value of 224 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Grain Yield Response of Corn (Zea mays L.) to Nitrogen Management Practices and Flooding

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Taylor E. Dill ◽  
Steven K. Harrison ◽  
Steven W. Culman ◽  
Alexander J. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Management

Flooding can reduce corn growth and yield, but nitrogen (N) management practices may alter the degree to which plants are negatively impacted. Damage caused by flooded conditions may also affect the utilization of a post-flood N application to increase yield. The objectives of this study were to evaluate how pre-plant and pre-plant plus post-flood N applications contribute to corn growth and yield following flood conditions and to quantify the partial return of employing different N management strategies in the event of a flood. A field study was conducted in Ohio using four flood durations (FD; 0, 2, 4, or 6 days initiated at V4 to V5) and three N management practices (0 kg N ha−1, 134 kg N ha−1 applied pre-plant, and 134 pre-plant + 67 kg N ha−1 applied post-flooding). Application of 134 kg N ha−1 increased yield compared to 0 kg N ha−1 by 65%, 68%, 43% and 16% for 0 d, 2 d, 4 d, and 6 d FD, respectively; the application of 134 + 67 kg N ha−1 increased grain yield compared to 134 kg N ha−1 by 7%, 27%, 70%, or 55% for 0 d, 2 d, 4 d, or 6 d FD, respectively. Partial return analysis produced similar results to those for grain yield. Results suggest that in regions prone to early-season flooding, additional N applied post-flood can improve yield and partial return compared to the application of pre-plant alone at a lower rate or no N. Results indicate that total soil nitrate-N levels two weeks after flood initiation may serve as a good predictor of yield.

The concentration of yeast assimilable nitrogen in Merlot grape juice is increased by N fertilization and reduced irrigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Hannam ◽  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
T. Forge ◽  
D. Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
N Application ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen ◽  
Assimilable Nitrogen

Hannam, K. D., Neilsen, G. H., Forge, T. and Neilsen, D. 2013. The concentration of yeast assimilable nitrogen in Merlot grape juice is increased by N fertilization and reduced irrigation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 37–45. Vineyard management practices that can be used to elevate yeast-assimilable nitrogen (YAN) above the 140 mg N L−1 required for efficient fermentation are of critical interest. The effects of N fertilization and reduced irrigation frequency on grape juice YAN, fruit composition and yield were examined in a 5-yr study on Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) vines. Fertilization with N increased the concentration of YAN in grape juice by improving grapevine N status as indicated by petiole N concentrations. Reduced irrigation frequency appeared to have no effect on grape juice YAN status but short-term reductions in the quantity of applied water during the early stages of berry development in 2 of the study years did increase YAN. Juice pH was sometimes increased by reduced irrigation and N application treatments, but levels remained acceptable for wine production. Other measures of fruit composition were less sensitive to irrigation and N fertilization treatments. Inter-annual variability played an important role in determining grape juice YAN, fruit composition and yield. Future work should focus on refining management practices, e.g., the timing of N application, to minimize the effects of annual variability on grape juice YAN concentrations.

INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

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