Body & brain: Breast cancer drug passes test: Exemestane may be used for prevention in healthy women

Science News ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
Nathan Seppa
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Healthy Women

Polymer Coated Iron Nanoparticles: Radiolabeling & In Vitro Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selin Yılmaz ◽  
Çiğdem İçhedef ◽  
Kadriye Buşra Karatay ◽  
Serap Teksöz
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sem Images

Backgorund: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been extensively used for targeted drug delivery systems due to their unique magnetic properties. Objective: In this study, it’s aimed to develop a novel targeted 99mTc radiolabeled polymeric drug delivery system for Gemcitabine (GEM). Methods: Gemcitabine, an anticancer agent, was encapsulated into polymer nanoparticles (PLGA) together with iron oxide nanoparticles via double emulsion technique and then labeled with 99mTc. SPIONs were synthesized by reduction–coprecipitation method and encapsulated with oleic acid for surface modification. Size distribution and the morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles were caharacterized by dynamic light scattering(DLS)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively. Radiolabeling yield of SPION-PLGAGEM nanoparticles were determined via Thin Layer Radio Chromatography (TLRC). Cytotoxicity of GEM loaded SPION-PLGA were investigated on MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cells in vitro. Results: SEM images displayed that the average size of the drug-free nanoparticles was 40 nm and the size of the drug-loaded nanoparticles was 50 nm. The diameter of nanoparticles were determined as 366.6 nm by DLS, while zeta potential was found as-29 mV. SPION was successfully coated with PLGA, which was confirmed by FTIR. GEM encapsulation efficiency of SPION-PLGA was calculated as 4±0.16 % by means of HPLC. Radiolabeling yield of SPION-PLGA-GEM nanoparticles were determined as 97.8±1.75 % via TLRC. Cytotoxicity of GEM loaded SPION-PLGA were investigated on MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cells. SPION-PLGA-GEM showed high uptake on MCF-7, whilst incorporation rate was increased for both cell lines which external magnetic field application. Conclusion: 99mTc labeled SPION-PLGA nanoparticles loaded with GEM may overcome some of the obstacles in anti-cancer drug delivery because of their appropriate size, non-toxic, and supermagnetic characteristics.

Clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA in monitoring breast cancer drug resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (34) ◽  
pp. 2863-2878
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Qian Du ◽  
Dan Sun ◽  
Ruiying Han ◽  
Mengmeng Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Genomic Alteration ◽  
Tumor Dna

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Unfortunately, treatments often fail because of the development of drug resistance, the underlying mechanisms of which remain unclear. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is free DNA released into the blood by necrosis, apoptosis or direct secretion by tumor cells. In contrast to repeated, highly invasive tumor biopsies, ctDNA reflects all molecular alterations of tumors dynamically and captures both spatial and temporal tumor heterogeneity. Highly sensitive technologies, including personalized digital PCR and deep sequencing, make it possible to monitor response to therapies, predict drug resistance and tailor treatment regimens by identifying the genomic alteration profile of ctDNA, thereby achieving precision medicine. This review focuses on the current status of ctDNA biology, the technologies used to detect ctDNA and the potential clinical applications of identifying drug resistance mechanisms by detecting tumor-specific genomic alterations in breast cancer.

scholarly journals Diagnostic potential of hypoxia-induced genes in liquid biopsies of breast cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique F. Peiró ◽  
Matheus M. Perez ◽  
Glauco S. A. de Aquino ◽  
Jéssica F. A. Encinas ◽  
Luiz Vinícius de A. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Laboratory Tool

AbstractIn tumor cells, higher expression of glucose transporter proteins (GLUT) and carbonic anhydrases (CAIX) genes is influenced by hypoxia-induced factors (HIF).Thus, we aimed to study the expression profile of these markers in sequential peripheral blood collections performed in breast cancer patients in order to verify their predictive potential in liquid biopsies. Gene expressions were analyzed by qPCR in tumor and blood samples from 125 patients and 25 healthy women. Differential expression was determined by the 2(−ΔCq) method. Expression of HIF-1α and GLUT1 in the blood of breast cancer patients is significantly higher (90–91 and 160–161 fold increased expression, respectively; p < 0.0001) than that found in healthy women. Their diagnostic power was confirmed by ROC curve. CAIX is also more expressed in breast cancer women blood, but its expression was detected only in a few samples. But none of these genes could be considered predictive markers. Therefore, evaluation of the expression of HIF-1α and GLUT1 in blood may be a useful laboratory tool to complement the diagnosis of breast cancer, in addition to being useful for follow-up of patients and of women with a family history of breast cancer.

PD-L1 expression in tumor lesions and soluble PD-L1 serum levels in patients with breast cancer: TNBC versus TPBC

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Parvaneh Yazdanpanah ◽  
Ali Alavianmehr ◽  
Abbas Ghaderi ◽  
Ahmad Monabati ◽  
Mehdi Montazer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity ◽  
Tnbc Subtype ◽  
Cell Death Protein

BACKGROUND: Block of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) interaction with its ligand, PD-L1, enhances anti-tumor activity. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the association between PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and CD8+ tumor infiltrating T cells (TILs) as well as soluble (s)PD-L1 serum levels in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared to triple positive (TPBC). METHODS: A total of 113 tumor sections and 133 serum samples were available from 144 patients with breast cancer (72 TNBC and 72 TPBC). Dual immunohistochemistry staining was applied to determine differential PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and CD8+ TILs. Soluble PD-L1 serum levels were also evaluated in patients compared to 40 healthy women by ELISA method. RESULTS: Despite TPBC patients which were mostly grades 1/2, TNBC patients were grade 3 (72% versus 66.7%, P < 0.001). Most of the TNBC patients were stages I/II, whereas most of the TPBC patients were stages III/IV (57.3% versus 68.3%,P = 0.005). There was no difference in tumor size and metastasis between TNBC and TPBC patients, although the number of involved lymph nodes was significantly more in TPBC patients (P = 0.0012). PD-L1 expression was detected in 11.5% of samples mostly in TNBC subtype and was associated with advanced grades (P = 0.039). There was no relationship between PD-L1 expression and tumor stage. PD-L1 expression in CD8+ TILs was nonsignificantly higher than tumor cells. Serum levels of sPD-L1 showed no difference between patients and healthy women. We found no correlation between PD-L1 expression in tumor lesions and serum levels of sPD-L1 in patients. CONCLUSION: PD-L1 expression was more detected in our patients with TNBC. It seems that, these patients who are resistant to standard chemotherapy regimens may get benefit from PD-L1 inhibition therapy and because of its low serum levels, sPD-L1 cannot interfere with this therapy.

Prevascularized, Co-Culture Model for Breast Cancer Drug Development

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Marshall ◽  
Isabel Löwstedt ◽  
Paul Gatenholm ◽  
Joel Berry
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer

The objective of this study was to create 3D engineered tissue models to accelerate identification of safe and efficacious breast cancer drug therapies. It is expected that this platform will dramatically reduce the time and costs associated with development and regulatory approval of anti-cancer therapies, currently a multi-billion dollar endeavor [1]. Existing two-dimensional (2D) in vitro and in vivo animal studies required for identification of effective cancer therapies account for much of the high costs of anti-cancer medications and health insurance premiums borne by patients, many of whom cannot afford it. An emerging paradigm in pharmaceutical drug development is the use of three-dimensional (3D) cell/biomaterial models that will accurately screen novel therapeutic compounds, repurpose existing compounds and terminate ineffective ones. In particular, identification of effective chemotherapies for breast cancer are anticipated to occur more quickly in 3D in vitro models than 2D in vitro environments and in vivo animal models, neither of which accurately mimic natural human tumor environments [2]. Moreover, these 3D models can be multi-cellular and designed with extracellular matrix (ECM) function and mechanical properties similar to that of natural in vivo cancer environments [3].

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