Genetic and non-genetic risk factors for pre-eclampsia: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies

Background: Numerous systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses on non-genetic risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD) development have been published with inconsistent conclusions. Objective: This overview of SRs aimed to summarize evidence on non-genetic factors for the development of PD from the published SRs, and explore the reasons behind the conflicting results. Methods: Three international databases were searched for SRs with meta-analyses summarized evidence on non-genetic factors for PD development. The Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 tool was used to appraise the methodological quality of included SRs. Pooled effect estimations were extracted from each meta-analysis. Results: Forty-six SRs covered six categories, and more than 80 factors were included in this overview. Thirty-nine SRs (84.7%) were judged to be of critically low methodological quality. Evidence from prospective studies showed that physical activity, smoking, coffee, caffeine, tea, fat intake, ibuprofen use, calcium channel blocker use, statin use, thiazolidinediones, and high serum urate levels significantly reduced the risk of PD, while dairy intake, diabetes, hormone replacement therapy, depression, mood disorder, bipolar disorder, and aspirin use significantly increased the risk of PD. Differences in study designs (e.g., cohort studies, case-control studies) accounted for the conflicting results among included SRs. Conclusion: Modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical activity and tea and coffee drinking may reduce the risk of PD, which may offer PD prevention strategies and hypotheses for future research. However, the designs of primary studies on PD risk factors and related SRs need to be improved and harmonized.

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Lifestyle and sociodemographic risk factors for gastroschisis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2019-318412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (8) ◽

pp. 756-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Silvia Baldacci ◽

Michele Santoro ◽

Alessio Coi ◽

Lorena Mezzasalma ◽

Fabrizio Bianchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Genetic Risk Factors ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Black Mothers ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Sociodemographic Risk ◽

Meta Analyses

BackgroundGastroschisis is strongly associated with young maternal age. This association suggests the need for further investigations on non-genetic risk factors. Identifying these risk factors is a public health priority in order to develop prevention strategies aimed at reducing the prevalence and health consequences in offspring.ObjectiveTo systematically assess and quantitatively synthesise the available epidemiological studies to evaluate the association between non-genetic risk factors and gastroschisis.MethodsLiterature from PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus was searched for the period 1990–2018. Epidemiological studies reporting risk estimates between lifestyle and sociodemographic risk factors and gastroschisis were included. Two pairs of reviewers independently extracted information on study characteristics following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Oservational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated across the studies and meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model.ResultsWe identified 58 studies. Meta-analyses were conducted on 29 studies. Maternal smoking (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.74), illicit drug use (RR 2.14, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.07) and alcohol consumption (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.70) were associated with an increased risk of gastroschisis. A decreased risk among black mothers compared with non-Hispanic white mothers (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.63) was found. For Hispanic mothers no association was observed.ConclusionsExposure to smoking, illicit drugs and alcohol during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of gastroschisis. A significantly decreased risk for black mothers was observed. Further epidemiological studies to assess the potential role of other environmental factors are strongly recommended.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018104284.

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Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.g2035 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 348 (apr01 2) ◽

pp. g2035-g2035 ◽

Cited By ~ 463

Author(s):

E. Theodoratou ◽

I. Tzoulaki ◽

L. Zgaga ◽

J. P. A. Ioannidis

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Randomised Trials ◽

Umbrella Review ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Multiple Health

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Dietary Carbohydrate and Diverse Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review of 30 Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of 281 Observational Studies

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.670411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ya-Shu Liu ◽

Qi-Jun Wu ◽

Jia-Le Lv ◽

Yu-Ting Jiang ◽

Hui Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Carbohydrate Intake ◽

Dietary Carbohydrate ◽

Umbrella Review ◽

Suggestive Evidence ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Meta Analyses

Background and Aims: The associations between dietary carbohydrate and diverse health outcomes remain controversial and confusing. To summarize the existing evidence of the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and diverse health outcomes and to evaluate the credibility of these sources of evidence. We performed this umbrella review of evidence from meta-analyses of observational studies.Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science databases, and manual screening of references up to July 2020 were searched. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies in humans investigating the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and multiple health outcomes were identified. We assessed the evidence levels by using summary effect sizes, 95% prediction intervals, between-study heterogeneity, evidence of small-study effects, and evidence of excess significance bias for each meta-analysis.Results: We included 43 meta-analyses of observational research studies with 23 health outcomes, including cancer (n = 26), mortality (n = 4), metabolic diseases (n = 4), digestive system outcomes (n = 3), and other outcomes [coronary heart disease (n = 2), stroke (n = 1), Parkinson's disease (n = 1), and bone fracture (n = 2)]. This umbrella review summarized 281 individual studies with 13,164,365 participants. Highly suggestive evidence of an association between dietary carbohydrate intake and metabolic syndrome was observed with adjusted summary odds ratio of 1.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.37]. The suggestive evidences were observed in associations of carbohydrate consumption with esophageal adenocarcinoma (0.57, 95% CI = 0.42–0.78) and all-cause mortality (adjusted summary hazard ratio 1.19, 95% CI = 1.09–1.30).Conclusions: Despite the fact that numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have explored the relationship between carbohydrate intake and diverse health outcomes, there is no convincing evidence of a clear role of carbohydrate intake. However, there is highly suggestive evidence suggested carbohydrate intake is associated with high risk of metabolic syndrome, suggestive evidence found its association with increased risk of all-cause mortality and decreased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.Systematic Review Registration: CRD42020197424.

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Neutrophil counts and cancer prognosis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies

10.1101/330076 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Meghan A. Cupp ◽

Margarita Cariolou ◽

Ioanna Tzoulaki ◽

Evangelou Evangelos ◽

Antonio J. Berlanga-Taylor

Keyword(s):

Systematic Reviews ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Cancer Prognosis ◽

Small Study ◽

List Type ◽

Cancer Outcomes ◽

Umbrella Review ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Meta Analyses

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo evaluate the strength and validity of evidence on the association between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) or tumour-associated neutrophils (TAN) and cancer prognosis.DESIGNUmbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies.DATA SOURCESMedline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIASystematic reviews or meta-analyses of observational studies evaluating the association between NLR or TAN and specific cancer outcomes related to disease progression or survival.DATA SYNTHESISThe available evidence was graded as strong, highly suggestive, suggestive, or weak through the application of pre-set grading criteria. For each included meta-analysis, the grading criteria considered the significance of the random effects estimate, the significance of the largest included study, the number of studies and individuals included, the heterogeneity between included studies, the 95% prediction intervals, presence of small study effects, excess significance and credibility ceilings.RESULTS239 meta-analyses investigating the association between NLR or TAN and cancer outcomes were identified from 57 published studies meeting the eligibility criteria, with 81 meta-analyses from 36 studies meeting the criteria for inclusion. No meta-analyses found a hazard ratio (HR) in the opposite direction of effect (HR<1). When assessed for significance and bias related to heterogeneity and small study effects, only three (4%) associations between NLR and outcomes in gastrointestinal and nasopharyngeal cancers were supported by strong evidence.CONCLUSIONDespite many publications exploring the association between NLR and cancer prognosis, the evidence is limited by significant heterogeneity and small study effects. There is a lack of evidence on the association between TAN and cancer prognosis, with all nine associations identified arising from the same study. Further research is required to provide strong evidence for associations between both TAN and NLR and poor cancer prognosis.REGISTRATIONThis umbrella review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017069131)FUNDINGMedical Research CouncilCOPYRIGHTOpen access article under terms of CC BYSHORT TITLENeutrophils and cancer prognosis: an umbrella reviewKEY RESULTWhen assessed for significance and bias related to heterogeneity and small study effects, only three (4%) associations between NLR and overall survival and progression-free survival in gastrointestinal and nasopharyngeal cancers were supported by strong evidence.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDSWHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THE TOPICNeutrophil counts have been linked to the progression of cancer due to their tumourigenic role in the cancer microenvironment.Numerous meta-analyses and individual studies have explored the association between neutrophil counts and cancer outcomes for a variety of cancer sites, leading to a large body of evidence with variable strength and validity.Uncertainty exists around the association between neutrophils and cancer outcomes, depending on the site, outcome and treatments considered.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDSAll meta-analyses included in this review indicated an association between high neutrophil counts and poor cancer prognosis.There is strong evidence supporting the association between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and poor cancer prognosis in some respiratory and gastrointestinal cancers.Further research is required to strengthen the existing body of evidence, particularly for the association between tumour-associated neutrophils and cancer outcomes.

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Risk factors for gambling and problem gambling: a protocol for a rapid umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-020-01455-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Caryl Beynon ◽

Nicola Pearce-Smith ◽

Rachel Clark

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Problem Gambling ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Umbrella Review ◽

Meta Analyses

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An umbrella review of the literature on perinatal domestic violence: prevalence, risk factors, possible outcomes, and interventions

10.31234/osf.io/ang9w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

siu ching wong ◽

Do Phuc Huyen ◽

Claire Hughes ◽

Sara Valdebenito ◽

Manuel Eisner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Domestic Violence ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Umbrella Review ◽

Manual Search ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Meta Analyses

Perinatal domestic violence (P-DV) is a common form of violence experienced by women and is associated with adverse impacts on their own physical and mental health and that of their offspring. Illuminating the risk factors for and potential effects of P-DV, and promising interventions is essential for informing policies to reduce P-DV and mitigate its negative impacts. This umbrella review of recent high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses of research on P-DV provides a systematic synthesis of current knowledge relating to the prevalence, risk factors for, possible outcomes of, and interventions to reduce and prevent P-DV. Thirteen reviews identified through systematic searches of computerised databases, manual search and expert consultation met our inclusion criteria (i.e., English systematic reviews and/ or meta-analyses that were from recent ten years, focused on women exposed to P-DV, assessed risk factors, possible outcomes, and/ or interventions, and were of fair to high methodological quality). Our results suggest that while there is a growing understanding of risk factors and possible outcomes of P-DV, this knowledge has far been translated into effective interventions for P-DV. P-DV intervention programmes that have been subject to rigorous evaluation are mostly relatively narrow in scope and could benefit from targeting a wider range of maternal and child wellbeing outcomes, and perpetrator, relationship, and community risk factors. The overall quality of the evidence syntheses in this field is reasonable; however, future studies should involve multiple reviewers at all key stages of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to help enhance the reliability of review conclusions.

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