Lifestyle and sociodemographic risk factors for gastroschisis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 756-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Baldacci ◽  
Michele Santoro ◽  
Alessio Coi ◽  
Lorena Mezzasalma ◽  
Fabrizio Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sociodemographic Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundGastroschisis is strongly associated with young maternal age. This association suggests the need for further investigations on non-genetic risk factors. Identifying these risk factors is a public health priority in order to develop prevention strategies aimed at reducing the prevalence and health consequences in offspring.ObjectiveTo systematically assess and quantitatively synthesise the available epidemiological studies to evaluate the association between non-genetic risk factors and gastroschisis.MethodsLiterature from PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus was searched for the period 1990–2018. Epidemiological studies reporting risk estimates between lifestyle and sociodemographic risk factors and gastroschisis were included. Two pairs of reviewers independently extracted information on study characteristics following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Oservational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated across the studies and meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model.ResultsWe identified 58 studies. Meta-analyses were conducted on 29 studies. Maternal smoking (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.74), illicit drug use (RR 2.14, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.07) and alcohol consumption (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.70) were associated with an increased risk of gastroschisis. A decreased risk among black mothers compared with non-Hispanic white mothers (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.63) was found. For Hispanic mothers no association was observed.ConclusionsExposure to smoking, illicit drugs and alcohol during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of gastroschisis. A significantly decreased risk for black mothers was observed. Further epidemiological studies to assess the potential role of other environmental factors are strongly recommended.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018104284.

Endemic Cryptosporidium infection and drinking water source: a systematic review and meta-analyses

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A.S. Gualberto ◽  
L. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Cryptosporidium Infection ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unsafe Water ◽  
Meta Analyses

Cryptosporidium is a well-known cause of diarrhoea in humans. Little is known about risk factors associated with endemic cryptosporidiosis, which constitutes the majority of cases. We carried out meta-analyses to verify if drinking water is also associated with endemic infection and to assess the magnitude of the associations. The global meta-analysis suggests that there is an increased risk of Cryptosporidium infection among unsafe water users (OR 1.40 [1.15, 1.72]). Studies were stratified, according to the exposure to different sources of safe drinking water, due to the heterogeneity presented. The consumption of non-well and unboiled water was associated with an increased chance of endemic cryptosporidiosis, though only the latter was significant (OR 1.45 [0.95, 2.20]; OR 1.61 [1.09, 2.38]). Drinking non-bottled water did not present a risk factor associated with endemic cryptosporidiosis (OR 0.87 [0.72, 1.05]). These meta-analyses present results that could be useful to clarify the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium. We recommend that other risk factors could also be studied by this approach.

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic risk factors for neuropathic pain

Pain ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abirami Veluchamy ◽  
Harry L. Hébert ◽  
Weihua Meng ◽  
Colin N.A. Palmer ◽  
Blair H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors

Genetics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Tailored Treatment ◽  
Molecular Signalling Pathways

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex trait with numerous environmental and genetic risk factors. A great deal of effort has been spent elucidating these risk factors and progress has been made. It is clear however that the causes behind OA development and progression continue to remain largely elusive. Identification of those genes that, in conjunction with environmental factors, predispose to OA severity will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease development and thus promote improved health strategies for prevention. An understanding of the molecular signalling pathways involved in the initiation and progression of the disease will improve clinical diagnosis and help identify improved, tailored treatment regimens. This chapter focuses on these issues, exploring the heritability of OA, known genetic risk factors, and specific traits and outcomes studied in the genetics of OA.

The Genetics of Endometriosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-104
Author(s):  
Grant W. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New York ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Scientific Meeting ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
The World

AbstractMapping genetic risk factors for endometriosis continues from early studies on women’s health initiated by Nick Martin and Susan Treloar. Their initial recruitment of endometriosis cases and family members received a major boost and became a flagship project within the Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for the Discovery of Common Human Disease. We extended the study through a formal collaboration with Professor Stephen Kennedy and his group in Oxford. Our first joint scientific meeting was held in Brisbane and was sadly memorable as the day the planes were flown into the Twin Towers in New York. Our initial collaboration expanded into the International Endometriosis Genetics Consortium (IEGC). The IEGC now has 15 groups around the world, and the most recent meta-analysis will be published this year.

Genetic risk factors for glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis: A meta-analysis

Steroids ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Li Gong ◽  
Lian-Hua Fang ◽  
He-Yao Wang ◽  
Jian-Hao Peng ◽  
Kun Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors

Factor V Leiden Is Associated with Premature Myocardial Infarction.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1817-1817
Author(s):  
Flora Peyvandi ◽  
Marta Spreafico ◽  
Luisa Foco ◽  
Luisa Bernardinelli ◽  
Stefano Duga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Plasma levels of haemostatic proteins involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis may represent an important intermediate phenotype for cardiovascular diseases (because increased levels of these proteins have been associated with an increased/reduced risk of thrombosis). However, investigation in arterial diseases of gain-of-function polymorphisms of genes encoding coagulation factor V (F5 G1691A) and prothrombin (F2 G20210A), established risk factors for venous thrombosis, have generally indicated weak or no associations in a number of conflicting and inconclusive reports [Ye et al., Lancet2006;367:651–8]. These negative results might be due to the sample size, too small to reliably assess relatively small genetic effects. Recently, a meta-analysis of 4,944 patients and 7,090 controls on the association of the F2 G20210A and ischemic heart disease [Burzotta et al, Heart2004;90:82–6], and a meta-analysis of 66,155 cases and 91,307 controls on the association of haemostatic genetic variants and coronary artery disease (CAD) [Ye et al, Lancet2006;367:651–8], found that either F2 G20210A and F5 G1691A polymorphisms were associated with a moderately increased risk of CAD. Results from these meta-analyses, large but based respectively upon 19 and 100 different studies all of rather small size, should be taken cautiously. Considering that genetic factors play a particularly important role in CAD occurring in the young, with usually less coronary atherosclerosis and a high prevalence of normal or near-normal coronary angiograms, we chose to replicate the meta-analysis results by investigating an adequately large population of 1,864 Italian patients who developed myocardial infarction (MI) before the age of 45 yrs (1,655 men and 209 women) and 1,864 age- and sex-matched controls. Genotyping was performed by Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Statistical analysis was performed fitting a conditional logistic model with STATA 9.2 software. Our results showed that the minor A allele of F5 G1691A (2.6% frequency in cases and 1.7% in controls) was associated with a moderately increased risk of MI (OR:1.59; 95% CI:1.14–2.20; P=0.006). The association remained statistically significant after adjustment for traditional risk factors, including diabetes, smoking, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia (OR:1.81; 95% CI:1.14–2.87; P=0.012). The minor A allele of F2 G20210A (2.4% frequency in cases and 1.9% in controls) was not associated with the risk of MI (OR:1.27; 95% CI:0.93–1.74; P=0.133), even after adjustment (OR:1.19; 95% CI:0.77–1.85; P=0.429). In conclusion, results of the previous meta-analyses are replicated only partially in this cohort of young MI patients, the largest investigated so far, as only the gain-of-function variant F5 G1691A (but not F2 G20210A) was associated with an increased risk of MI. Our results suggest that anticoagulant drugs might be considered for secondary prophylaxis of MI in patients with the F5 gene variant, who carry a procoagulant phenotype.

Incident myocardial infarction associated with major types of arthritis in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1396-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orit Schieir ◽  
Cedomir Tosevski ◽  
Richard H Glazier ◽  
Sheilah Hogg-Johnson ◽  
Elizabeth M Badley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Review Criteria ◽  
Age And Sex

ObjectiveTo synthesise, quantify and compare risks for incident myocardial infarction (MI) across five major types of arthritis in population-based studies.MethodsA systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases with additional manual/hand searches for population-based cohort or case-control studies published in English of French between January 1980 and January 2015 with a measure of effect and variance for associations between incident MI and five major types of arthritis: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), gout or osteoarthritis (OA), adjusted for at least age and sex. All search screening, data abstraction quality appraisals were performed independently by two reviewers. Where appropriate, random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool results from studies with a minimum of 10 events.ResultsWe identified a total of 4, 285 articles; 27 met review criteria and 25 criteria for meta-analyses. In studies adjusting for age and sex, MI risk was significantly increased in RA (pooled relative risk (RR): 1.69, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.90), gout (pooled RR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.73), PsA (pooled RR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.69), OA (pooled RR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71) and tended towards increased risk in AS (pooled RR: 1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.65). Traditional risk factors were more prevalent in all types of arthritis. MI risk was attenuated for each type of arthritis in studies adjusting for traditional risk factors and remained significantly increased in RA, PsA and gout.ConclusionsMI risk was consistently increased in multiple types of arthritis in population-based studies, and was partially explained by a higher prevalence of traditional risk factors in all types of arthritis. Findings support more integrated cardiovascular (CV) prevention strategies for arthritis populations that target both reducing inflammation and enhancing management of traditional CV risk factors.

scholarly journals Influence of 5-HT2C receptor and leptin gene polymorphisms, smoking and drug treatment on metabolic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga O. Yevtushenko ◽  
Stephen J. Cooper ◽  
Ryan O'Neill ◽  
Jennifer K. Doherty ◽  
Jayne V. Woodside ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Genotype Combination ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundObesity and metabolic syndrome are significant problems for patients taking antipsychotic drugs. Evidence is emerging of genetic risk factors.AimsTo investigate the influence of two candidate genes, smoking and drug treatment on obesity and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia.MethodPatients (n=134) were assessed for measures of obesity, other factors contributing to metabolic syndrome, and two genetic polymorphisms (5-HT2C receptor −759C/T and leptin −2548A/G).ResultsNeither genotype nor smoking was significantly associated with measures of obesity. However, both leptin genotype and smoking were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. Significant interaction occurred between the genetic polymorphisms for effects on obesity, whereby a genotype combination increased risk. Drug treatment showed significant effects on measures of obesity and triglyceride concentrations; risperidone was associated with lower values than olanzapine or clozapine.ConclusionsThe findings suggest interacting genetic risk factors and smoking influence development of metabolic syndrome in patients on antipsychotic drugs.

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