In Vitro Steroid Secretion during Early Development of Mono-Sex Rainbow Trout: Sex Differences, Onset of Pituitary Control, and Effects of Dietary Steroid Treatment

1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Cliff B. Pereira ◽  
Carl B. Schreck
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Steroid Secretion

scholarly journals Fetal erythropoiesis in steel mutant mice. III. Defect in differentiation from BFU-E to CFU-E during early development

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Chui ◽  
SK Liao ◽  
K Walker
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Early Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor Cells ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Fetal Erythropoiesis

Abstract Erythroid progenitor cells in +/+ and Sl/Sld fetal livers manifested as burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming units- erythroid (CFU-E) were assayed in vitro during early development. The proportion of BFU-E was higher as mutant than in normal fetal livers. On the other hand, the proportion of CFU-E was less in the mutant than in the normal. These results suggest that the defect in Sl/Sld fetal hepatic erythropoiesis is expressed at the steps of differentiation that effect the transition from BFU-E to CFU-E.

scholarly journals Gender and Sex Are Key Determinants in Osteoarthritis Not Only Confounding Variables. A Systematic Review of Clinical Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3178
Author(s):  
Matilde Tschon ◽  
Deyanira Contartese ◽  
Stefania Pagani ◽  
Veronica Borsari ◽  
Milena Fini
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cartilage Volume ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Clinical Pain

Many risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) have been noted, while gender/sex differences have been understated. The work aimed to systematically review literature investigating as primary aim the relationship between gender/sex related discriminants and OA. The search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Knowledge in the last 10 years. Inclusion criteria were limited to clinical studies of patients affected by OA in any joints, analyzing as primary aim gender/sex differences. Exclusion criteria were review articles, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies, case series studies and papers in which gender/sex differences were adjusted as confounding variable. Of the 120 records screened, 42 studies were included. Different clinical outcomes were analyzed: morphometric differences, followed by kinematics, pain, functional outcomes after arthroplasty and health care needs of patients. Women appear to use more health care, have higher OA prevalence, clinical pain and inflammation, decreased cartilage volume, physical difficulty, and smaller joint parameters and dimensions, as compared to men. No in-depth studies or mechanistic studies analyzing biomarker differential expressions, molecular pathways and omic profiles were found that might drive preclinical and clinical research towards sex-/gender-oriented protocols.

The in vitro effect of kynurenic acid on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocyte and splenocyte activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Małaczewska ◽  
A. K. Siwicki ◽  
R. Wójcik ◽  
W. a. Turski ◽  
E. Kaczorek
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Mitogenic Response ◽  
Tryptophan Degradation ◽  
Selective Ligand ◽  
Vitro Effect

Abstract Kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous neuroprotectant formed along the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, is a selective ligand of the GPR35 receptor, which can be found on the surface of various populations of human immune cells. In infections and inflammations, KYNA produces an anti-inflammatory effect through this receptor, by depressing the synthesis of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, it is still unrecognized whether receptors for kynurenic acid are also localized on immune cells of poikilothermic animals, or whether KYNA is able to affect these cells. The objective of this study has been to determine the effect of different concentrations of kynurenic acid (12.5 μM to 10 mM) on the viability and mitogenic response of lymphocytes and on the activity of phagocytic cells isolated from blood and the spleen of rainbow trout. The results imply low toxicity of kynurenic acid towards fish immune cells, and the proliferative effect observed at the two lowest concentrations of KYNA (12.5 μM and 25 μM) seems indicative of endogenous kynurenic acid being capable of activating fish lymphocytes. Non-toxic, micromole concentrations of KYNA, however, had no influence on the mitogenic response of lymphocytes nor on the activity of phagocytes in rainbow trout under in vitro conditions. There is some likelihood that such an effect could be observed at lower, nanomole concentrations of KYNA.

scholarly journals Differential Steroid Secretion and Gonadotropin Response by Individual Tertiary Porcine Follicles in Vitro. Possible Physiologic Role of Atretic Follicles1

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Westhof ◽  
Karin F. Westhof ◽  
Wilhelm L. Braendle ◽  
Gere S. diZerega
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Secretion ◽  
Physiologic Role

I.—On the Developmental Processes in Mammary Glands and other Epidermal Structures

1952 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Balinsky
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Mitotic Rate ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Histochemical Methods

Synopsis:The early development of the mammary glands and of hair follicles in the mouse and the rabbit has been investigated by means of mitotic counts, by histochemical methods and by cultivation in vitro. In the first stage of the formation of both types of rudiment a thickening of the epidermis appears as a consequence of an aggregation of cells, not of a local elevation of the mitotic rate. During this stage alkaline phosphatase is absent from the cells and the content of ribose-nucleic acid reduced. Both these substances appear in higher concentrations later, and their relation to processes of growth and differentiation is discussed. Essentially similar phenomena are found in rudiments cultivated in vitro, which, however, frequently suffer a degeneration by a process of keratinisation.

scholarly journals Predicting therapeutic outcome in severe ulcerative colitis by measuring in vitro steroid sensitivity of proliferating peripheral blood lymphocytes

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Hearing ◽  
M Norman ◽  
C S J Probert ◽  
N Haslam ◽  
C M Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Steroid Resistance ◽  
Severe Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Steroid Sensitivity

BACKGROUNDUp to 29% of patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC) fail to respond to steroid treatment and require surgery. Previous studies have failed to show a clear correlation between failure of steroid treatment in severe UC and measures of disease severity. The reasons for treatment failure therefore remain unknown.AIMTo investigate the hypothesis that patients with severe UC who fail to respond to steroid treatment have steroid resistant T lymphocytes.METHODSEighteen patients with severe UC were studied. After seven days’ treatment with high dose intravenous steroids they were classified as complete responders (CR), incomplete responders (IR), or treatment failures (TF). Within 48 hours of admission blood was taken and the antiproliferative effect of dexamethasone on phytohaemagglutinin stimulated peripheral blood T lymphocytes was measured. Maximum dexamethasone induced inhibition of proliferation (Imax) was measured.RESULTSIn vitro T lymphocyte steroid sensitivity of TF and IR patients was significantly less than that of CR patients. Both TF and 3/5 IR patients had an Imax of less than 60%; all CR patients had an Imax of greater than 60%. No significant correlation was seen between response to treatment and disease severity on admission. When in vitro T lymphocyte steroid sensitivity was remeasured three months later, there was no difference between the groups.CONCLUSIONSResults suggest that T lymphocyte steroid resistance is an important factor in determining response to steroid treatment in patients with severe UC and may be more predictive of outcome than disease severity.

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