Exploring Students Responses on Free-Response Science Items in TIMSS

2005 ◽  
pp. 159-187
Author(s):  
Carl Angell ◽  
Marit Kjaernsli ◽  
Svein Lie
Keyword(s):  
Free Response

Percutaneous glycerol rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia in patients with multiple sclerosis: a long-term retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 1405-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Staudt ◽  
Holger Joswig ◽  
Gwynedd E. Pickett ◽  
Keith W. MacDougall ◽  
Andrew G. Parrent
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Medication Usage ◽  
Free Response ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Time To Recurrence ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVEThe prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS-TN) is higher than in the general population (idiopathic TN [ITN]). Glycerol rhizotomy (GR) is a percutaneous lesioning surgery commonly performed for the treatment of medically refractory TN. While treatment for acute pain relief is excellent, long-term pain relief is poorer. The object of this study was to assess the efficacy of percutaneous retrogasserian GR for the treatment of MS-TN versus ITN.METHODSA retrospective chart review was performed, identifying 219 patients who had undergone 401 GR procedures from 1983 to 2018 at a single academic institution. All patients were diagnosed with medically refractory MS-TN (182 procedures) or ITN (219 procedures). The primary outcome measures of interest were immediate pain relief and time to pain recurrence following initial and repeat GR procedures. Secondary outcomes included medication usage and presence of periprocedural hypesthesia.RESULTSThe initial pain-free response rate was similar between groups (p = 0.726): MS-TN initial GR 89.6%; MS-TN repeat GR 91.9%; ITN initial GR 89.6%; ITN repeat GR 87.0%. The median time to recurrence after initial GR was similar between MS-TN (2.7 ± 1.3 years) and ITN (2.1 ± 0.6 years) patients (p = 0.87). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the time to recurrence after repeat GR between MS-TN (2.3 ± 0.5 years) and ITN patients (1.2 ± 0.2 years; p < 0.05). The presence of periprocedural hypesthesia was highly predictive of pain-free survival (p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSPatients with MS-TN achieve meaningful pain relief following GR, with an efficacy comparable to that following GR in patients with ITN. Initial and subsequent GR procedures are equally efficacious.

Deep neural network-based detection and segmentation of intracranial aneurysms on 3D rotational DSA

2021 ◽  
pp. 159101992110009
Author(s):  
Xinke Liu ◽  
Junqiang Feng ◽  
Zhenzhou Wu ◽  
Zhonghao Neo ◽  
Chengcheng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Free Response ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Test Dataset ◽  
Segmentation Accuracy ◽  
Froc Analysis ◽  
Aneurysm Detection

Objective Accurate diagnosis and measurement of intracranial aneurysms are challenging. This study aimed to develop a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) model to detect and segment intracranial aneurysms (IA) on 3D rotational DSA (3D-RA) images. Methods 3D-RA images were collected and annotated by 5 neuroradiologists. The annotated images were then divided into three datasets: training, validation, and test. A 3D Dense-UNet-like CNN (3D-Dense-UNet) segmentation algorithm was constructed and trained using the training dataset. Diagnostic performance to detect aneurysms and segmentation accuracy was assessed for the final model on the test dataset using the free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC). Finally, the CNN-inferred maximum diameter was compared against expert measurements by Pearson’s correlation and Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA). Results A total of 451 patients with 3D-RA images were split into n = 347/41/63 training/validation/test datasets, respectively. For aneurysm detection, observed FROC analysis showed that the model managed to attain a sensitivity of 0.710 at 0.159 false positives (FP)/case, and 0.986 at 1.49 FP/case. The proposed method had good agreement with reference manual aneurysmal maximum diameter measurements (8.3 ± 4.3 mm vs. 7.8 ± 4.8 mm), with a correlation coefficient r = 0.77, small bias of 0.24 mm, and LOA of -6.2 to 5.71 mm. 37.0% and 77% of diameter measurements were within ±1 mm and ±2.5 mm of expert measurements. Conclusions A 3D-Dense-UNet model can detect and segment aneurysms with relatively high accuracy using 3D-RA images. The automatically measured maximum diameter has potential clinical application value.

Benefit-risk analysis of adalimumab versus methotrexate and placebo in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis: Comparison of adverse event–free response days in the CHAMPION trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Reich ◽  
James Signorovitch ◽  
Karthik Ramakrishnan ◽  
Andrew P. Yu ◽  
Eric Q. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Severe Psoriasis ◽  
Free Response

Input-state model matching and ripple-free response for dual-rate systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 815-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Cimino ◽  
Prabhakar R. Pagilla
Keyword(s):  
State Model ◽  
Input State ◽  
Model Matching ◽  
Free Response

scholarly journals FREE-RESPONSE AND MULTIPLE-CHOICE ITEMS: MEASURES OF THE SAME ABILITY?

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 (1) ◽  
pp. i-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Elliot Bennett ◽  
Donald A. Rock ◽  
Minhwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Free Response ◽  
Multiple Choice Items

Forced-Choice vs Free-Response in Personality Assessment

1963 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Merenda ◽  
Walter V. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Psychological Measurement ◽  
Free Response ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
Choice Method ◽  
Statistical Results

Two self-rating adjective check lists (ACL) were administered to 44 students in a course on psychological measurement. The first ACL administered was the regular free response list, followed immediately with a forced-choice version in which the adjectives were arranged into tetrad sets. Ipsative scoring was used and profiles compared. The correlations between the profiles ranged from −1.00 to 1.00, more than 40% falling in the negative range. Ss gave their impressions and reactions to both inventories, and evaluated the relative validity of the results. A majority favored the free-response technique and felt that it would yield a more accurate description of their self-concepts and personality structures. General consensus was that the forced-choice instructions led to frustration, increased irritability, and decreased motivation. Ss felt that the free-response instrument presented a more relaxing situation and was even enjoyable to take. Ss' verbal reactions were consistent with the statistical results. The findings suggest that the forced-choice method is likely to be inappropriate for use with adjective check lists in self-concept assessment and analysis, and may lead not only to distortion in the personality profiles, but also to reversals.

The Contribution of a Response-Production Component to a Free-Response Synonym Task

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rianne Janssen ◽  
Paul Boeck
Keyword(s):  
Free Response

Maximum Effect of Triptans in Migraine? A Comment

Cephalalgia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 767-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Tfelt-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Free Response

The efficacy of triptans in the treatment of migraine was recently contested. How high is then the maximum effect of a triptan? After subcutaneous naratriptan 10 mg a 88% pain-free response was observed. This result was obtained despite the fact that more half of the patients had a migraine duration of > 4 h. These results indicate that subcutaneous naratriptan in a high dose can overcome central sensitization that occurs in migraine attacks.

scholarly journals Antiemetic Prophylaxis for Chemoradiotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting (C-RINV) in Locally Advanced Head and Heck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Prospective Phase Ⅱ Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekun Wang ◽  
Wenyang Liu ◽  
Jianghu Zhang ◽  
Xuesong Chen ◽  
Jingbo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Advanced Head ◽  
Free Response ◽  
Nausea And Emesis

Abstract Background There is sparse research reporting effective interventions for preventing nausea and emesis caused by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). This phase Ⅱ trial was conducted to provide the direct evidence for the current practice of prescribing antiemetic in patients with LA-HNSCC receiving CCRT.Methods Treatment-naïve LA-HNSCC patients received intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concomitant cisplatin 100 mg/m² every 3 weeks for two cycles. All patients were given orally aprepitant 125 mg once on d1, then 80mg once on d2-5; ondansetron 8 mg once on d1; and dexamethasone 12 mg once on d1, then 8mg on d2-5. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR). Pursuant to δ=0.2 and α=0.05, the expected CR rate was 80%. Results A total of 43 patients with LA-HNSCC were enrolled. The median age was 53 years old, and 86.0% were male. All patients received radiotherapy and 86.0% of patients completed both cycles as planned. The overall CR rate was 86.0% (95% CI: 72.1-94.7). The CR rates for cycles 1 and 2 were 88.4% (95% CI: 74.9-96.1) and 89.2% (95% CI: 74.6-97.0). The complete protection rate in the overall phase was 72.1% (95% CI: 56.3-84.7). The emesis-free response and nausea-free response in overall phase were 88.4% (95% CI: 74.9-96.1) and 60.5% (95% CI: 44.4-75.0), respectively. The adverse events related to antiemetics were constipation (65.1%) and hiccups (16.3%), but both were grade 1-2. There was no grade 4 or 5 treatment-related adverse event with antiemetic usage. Conclusion The addition of aprepitant into ondansetron and dexamethasone provided effective protection from nausea and emesis in patients with LA-HNSCC receiving radiotherapy and concomitant high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy. Randomised phase 3 studies are required to further define the potential role of NK1RA in chemoradiotherapy setting.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03572829. Registered 28 June 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03572829?term=NCT03572829&draw=2&rank=1.

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