relative validity
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline L. Wendling ◽  
Sandra P. Crispim ◽  
Sarah Aparecida V. Ribeiro ◽  
Karla P. Balbino ◽  
Helen Hermana M. Hermsdorff

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4521
Author(s):  
Shakil Ahmed ◽  
Tanjina Rahman ◽  
Md Sajjadul Haque Ripon ◽  
Harun-Ur Rashid ◽  
Tasnuva Kashem ◽  
...  

Diet is a recognized risk factor and cornerstone for chronic kidney disease (CKD) management; however, a tool to assess dietary intake among Bangladeshi dialysis patients is scarce. This study aims to validate a prototype Bangladeshi Hemodialysis Food Frequency Questionnaire (BDHD-FFQ) against 3-day dietary recall (3DDR) and corresponding serum biomarkers. Nutrients of interest were energy, macronutrients, potassium, phosphate, iron, sodium and calcium. The BDHD-FFQ, comprising 132 food items, was developed from 606 24-h recalls and had undergone face and content validation. Comprehensive facets of relative validity were ascertained using six statistical tests (correlation coefficient, percent difference, paired t-test, cross-quartiles classification, weighted kappa, and Bland-Altman analysis). Overall, the BDHD-FFQ showed acceptable to good correlations (p < 0.05) with 3DDR for the concerned nutrients in unadjusted and energy-adjusted models, but this correlation was diminished when adjusted for other covariates (age, gender, and BMI). Phosphate and potassium intake, estimated by the BDHD-FFQ, also correlated well with the corresponding serum biomarkers (p < 0.01) when compared to 3DDR (p > 0.05). Cross-quartile classification indicated that <10% of patients were incorrectly classified. Weighted kappa statistics showed agreement with all but iron. Bland-Altman analysis showed positive mean differences were observed for all nutrients when compared to 3DDR, whilst energy, carbohydrates, fat, iron, sodium, and potassium had percentage data points within the limit of agreement (mean ± 1.96 SD), above 95%. In summary, the BDHD-FFQ demonstrated an acceptable relative validity for most of the nutrients as four out of the six statistical tests fulfilled the cut-off standard in assessing dietary intake of CKD patients in Bangladesh.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Poglodzinski ◽  
Bethany Ann Deschamps ◽  
Mary McCarthy ◽  
Renee Cole ◽  
Evelyn Elshaw ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Collecting dietary intake data is a key component for a majority of nutritional epidemiology studies. Smartphone technology advancements allow researchers to use health and nutrition apps as alternatives to currently available tools (food frequency questionnaires, 24-hour recalls, and food diaries). Service Members (SM) can greatly benefit from the always-available information and easily accessible nature of smartphones to track their intake. Clinicians working with military units can help provide these SM with the skills to evaluate their intake for performance benefits. Understanding the accuracy of these apps is important to determine their effectiveness for use in clinical and research settings. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the relative validity of self-reported intake with the HealthWatch 360 (HW 360) app compared to the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment (ASA24). METHODS Recruitment targeted Army and Air Force SM from Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA and Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX who currently or previously failed to meet body composition standards. Participants (n=53) completed a demographic questionnaire, baseline anthropometric measurements, and recorded daily intake on the HW 360 app. They returned approximately two weeks later to complete a 24-hour recall using the ASA24. Agreement and relative validity were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots and two one-sided tests at a ± 10% equivalency range of ASA24 mean nutrient intake values between HW 360 and ASA24 data. Multilinear regressions analyzed relationships between participant demographics and relative validity. RESULTS HW 360 was not significantly equivalent to the ASA24. Large levels of underreporting were found in total energy (Mean Difference (Mdiff) = -503.3 kcal, 90% CI: -649.8 to -356.7 kcal), carbohydrates (Mdiff = -52.2 g, 90% CI: -70.4 to -34.1 g), protein (Mdiff = -20.4 g, 90% CI: -29.4 to -11.3 g), and fat (Mdiff = -24.6 g, 90% CI: -32.5 to -16.7 g). Bland-Altman plots failed to illustrate agreement. No significant correlations existed for demographic variables and relative validity. CONCLUSIONS Differences between all variables tested were above clinically significant values and limit the usage of this application in research and clinical settings. Further research is needed to determine the potential causes of underreporting and evaluate methods to minimize this effect. Understanding these effects allows the implementation of a tailored app for use with SM. It has the potential to be an invaluable asset for this population due the unpredictable nature of deployments and training exercises. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04959318; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04959318


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Xu ◽  
Ruonan Duan ◽  
Ping Feng ◽  
Wanke Gao ◽  
Dong Xing ◽  
...  

This study aimed to assess the relative validity of the diet photograph record (DP) for measuring the energy and nutrient intakes against the weighed dietary record (WD) and the 24 h dietary recall (HR) in the Chinese preschoolers. In this study, 40 preschool children aged 4–6 years and their parents were recruited from a kindergarten in southwest China. Dietary intake of the preschoolers on a same day, as estimated by the DP and the HR were compared with the WD. These three methods were administered by the three group of investigators independently. The mean differences, correlation coefficients, cross-classifications, and weighted κ, as well as the Bland–Altman plots were performed to assess the differences and agreements among the estimates from the DP, the HR, and the WD. For the DP and the HR, the estimates of energy and nutrient intakes were moderate to high correlated with the WD, with the higher coefficients ranging from 0.73 to 0.94 for the DP. Both the methods tended to underestimate the dietary intake, but the differences from the known weights using the DP were significantly smaller than those using the HR. The weighed κ values ranking the preschoolers ranged from 0.48 to 0.80 for the DP and ranged from 0.28 to 0.64 for the HR. Furthermore, the Bland–Altman plots indicated a better agreement between the DP and the WD for estimating energy and nutrient intakes. This DP is a valid tool for measuring energy and nutrient intakes among the preschoolers.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3754
Author(s):  
Elisabet Rothenberg ◽  
Elisabeth Strandhagen ◽  
Jessica Samuelsson ◽  
Felicia Ahlner ◽  
Therese Rydberg Sterner ◽  
...  

Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) are commonly used dietary assessment tools. The aim was to assess the relative validity of a 15-item FFQ, designed for the screening of poor dietary patterns with a validated diet history (DH). The study population was derived from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies. The DH registrations were harmonized in accordance with the FFQ frequencies. The agreement was assessed by Cohen’s kappa with corresponding confidence intervals (CI) for the frequency and categorical variables. Bland–Altman plots were used for the numeric variables. The study comprised data from 848 individuals (55.2% women). Overall, there was high agreement between the methods, with the exact and adjacent level of agreement over 80% for eight variables. The proportion attributed to the opposite frequency was fairly low for most of the frequency variables. Most of the kappa values were in fair or moderate agreement. The highest kappa values were calculated for the type of cooking fat (k = 0.68, CI = 0.63–0.72) and sandwich spread (k = 0.55, CI = 0.49–0.53), and the lowest for type of bread (0.13, CI = 0.07–0.20) and sweets (0.22 CI = 0.18–0.27). In conclusion, the FFQ showed overall good agreement compared with the DH. We, therefore, think it, with some improvements, could serve as a simple screening tool for poor dietary patterns.


2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Mumme ◽  
Cath Conlon ◽  
Pamela von Hurst ◽  
Beatrix Jones ◽  
Jamie de Seymour ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Valid and reproducible dietary patterns (DP) are necessary to assess relationships between diet and disease. This study, Researching Eating, Activity, and Cognitive Health (REACH), assessed the reproducibility and relative validity of DPs derived from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in older New Zealand adults. Methods Participants (n = 294, 70±3yrs, 37% male), completed two identical 109-item FFQs to assess reproducibility. A 4-day food record (4DFR) was used to assess relative validity. After collapsing data into 57 food groups, DPs were derived using principal component analysis. Agreement of DP loadings were assessed using Tucker’s congruence coefficient. Agreement between derived DP scores from the FFQs and 4-DFR were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients, weighted kappa statistic, and Bland-Altman analysis. Results Three similar DPs (‘Mediterranean style’, ‘Western’ and ‘prudent’) were identified from each dietary assessment tool. Congruence coefficients between DP loadings ranged from 0.66-0.80 (reproducibility) and 0.54-0.75 (validity). Correlations of DP scores ranged from 0.47-0.59 (reproducibility) and 0.33-0.43 (validity) (all P&lt;0.001); weighted kappa scores ranged from 0.40-0.48 (reproducibility) and 0.27-0.37 (validity); limits of agreement from ±1.79 to ± 2.09 (reproducibility) and ±2.09 to ± 2.27 (validity); a negative slope of bias was seen in the ‘prudent’ pattern for reproducibility and validity (P&lt;0.001). Conclusions The FFQ derived DPs demonstrated acceptable reproducibility and relative validity and can be used to examine associations between DPs and health outcomes in older New Zealand adults. Key Message Valid DPs improve evidence for assessing DP and health outcome associations.


2021 ◽  
pp. 235-252
Author(s):  
Robert Alexy

The principle of proportionality is necessary if it can claim validity in all legal systems. What can claim validity in all legal systems has absolute validity. On the other hand, what can only claim to have validity in some legal systems has merely relative validity. This distinction is applicable not only to the principle of proportionality as a norm about the application of constitutional rights but also to the constitutional rights themselves, and the institutionalization of the protection of constitutional rights by means of judicial review. This leads to three questions, which are connected systematically: (1) Do constitutional rights have an absolute character? (2) Does the principle of proportionality have an absolute character? (3) Does constitutional review have an absolute character? In this chapter the first two questions are discussed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Y. Chong ◽  
Jaclyn C. Theisen ◽  
Robert Chris Fraley ◽  
Brian G. Ogolsky
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