Forced-Choice vs Free-Response in Personality Assessment

1963 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Merenda ◽  
Walter V. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Psychological Measurement ◽  
Free Response ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
Choice Method ◽  
Statistical Results

Two self-rating adjective check lists (ACL) were administered to 44 students in a course on psychological measurement. The first ACL administered was the regular free response list, followed immediately with a forced-choice version in which the adjectives were arranged into tetrad sets. Ipsative scoring was used and profiles compared. The correlations between the profiles ranged from −1.00 to 1.00, more than 40% falling in the negative range. Ss gave their impressions and reactions to both inventories, and evaluated the relative validity of the results. A majority favored the free-response technique and felt that it would yield a more accurate description of their self-concepts and personality structures. General consensus was that the forced-choice instructions led to frustration, increased irritability, and decreased motivation. Ss felt that the free-response instrument presented a more relaxing situation and was even enjoyable to take. Ss' verbal reactions were consistent with the statistical results. The findings suggest that the forced-choice method is likely to be inappropriate for use with adjective check lists in self-concept assessment and analysis, and may lead not only to distortion in the personality profiles, but also to reversals.

The Persnickety Pervasiveness of Rating Enhancement in Personality Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Stachowski ◽  
John T. Kulas
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Psychological Measurement ◽  
Shared Sets ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Original Target ◽  
Target Profile ◽  
Do So ◽  
Normative Influences

Abstract. The current paper explores whether self and observer reports of personality are properly viewed through a contrasting lens (as opposed to a more consonant framework). Specifically, we challenge the assumption that self-reports are more susceptible to certain forms of response bias than are informant reports. We do so by examining whether selves and observers are similarly or differently drawn to socially desirable and/or normative influences in personality assessment. Targets rated their own personalities and recommended another person to also do so along shared sets of items diversely contaminated with socially desirable content. The recommended informant then invited a third individual to additionally make ratings of the original target. Profile correlations, analysis of variances (ANOVAs), and simple patterns of agreement/disagreement consistently converged on a strong normative effect paralleling item desirability, with all three rater types exhibiting a tendency to reject socially undesirable descriptors while also endorsing desirable indicators. These tendencies were, in fact, more prominent for informants than they were for self-raters. In their entirety, our results provide a note of caution regarding the strategy of using non-self informants as a comforting comparative benchmark within psychological measurement applications.

Evaluation of low contrast detectability performance using two-alternative forced choice method on computed tomography dose reduction algorithms

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahua Fan ◽  
Priti Madhav ◽  
Paavana Sainath ◽  
Ximiao Cao ◽  
Haifeng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Choice Method

Out With the Old, In With the New? How Changes in Close Relationships Change the Self

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Gore ◽  
Damon Tichenor
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Personality Measure ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Concept Change

AbstractTwo studies investigated how the development and maintenance of old and new relationships predict spontaneous and reactive self-concept change. For Study 1 (n = 143), freshmen in their first 8 weeks of college completed a Twenty Statements Test (TST), and indicated how close they felt in their established and new relationships. Eight weeks later, they indicated which aspects on the TST had changed. The results showed that closeness to old relationships at Time 1 predicted fewer deletions to their Time 2 TST, whereas closeness to new relationships at Time 1 predicted more additions to their Time 2 TST. For Study 2 (n = 195), participants completed a Big Five personality measure and closeness measure at two time points. The results showed that decreased closeness in old relationships at Time 2 predicted overall change to personality profiles. Implications for the link between relationships and self-concept change are discussed.

scholarly journals A two alternative forced choice method for assessing vibrotactile discrimination thresholds in the lower limb

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Iandolo ◽  
Marta Carè ◽  
Valay A. Shah ◽  
Simona Schiavi ◽  
Giulia Bommarito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Method

Relative Effects of Raster Scan Lines and Image Subtense on Symbol Legibility on Television

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Hemingway ◽  
Ronald A. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Line Number ◽  
Raster Scan ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Choice Method ◽  
Angular Subtense

This experiment examined the relative effects of (1) image size and (2) number of TV raster lines making up the image upon an observer's ability to identify 16 different geometric symbols on TV. Four raster-line values per symbol height were each tested at three image angular subtenses. Eight subjects were told to identify 25 symbols for each of the 12 conditions; all had 20/12 near and far visual acuity or better. The forced-choice method was used; no limits were placed on response times. The results showed that (1) at least eight raster lines per symbol height and (2) a symbol subtense of 10' of arc are necessary to obtain good symbol legibility on TV. An equation is developed from these and other data which quantifies the tradeoff between line number and angular subtense for different levels of performance.

Critical Flicker Frequency in Migraine. A Controlled Study in Patients without Prophylactic Therapy

Cephalalgia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Kowacs ◽  
EJ Piovesan ◽  
LC Werneck ◽  
H Fameli ◽  
AC Zani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silent Period ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Critical Flicker Frequency ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Prophylactic Therapy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Flicker Frequency ◽  
Flicker Fusion ◽  
Choice Method ◽  
Normal Controls

The critical flicker frequencies (CFF) of individuals with migraine with and without aura were determined and compared to those of normal controls. Twenty-six migraine patients, 12 with aura and 14 without aura and 30 healthy controls were included. Migraineurs were tested during a migraine-free period, through both the continuous flicker method (CFM) and the forced choice method (FCM). Migraineurs presented a mean flickering fusion threshold lower than healthy controls with the CFM (40.45 vs. 44.33, respectively; P = 0.019) and with the FCM (34.16 Hz vs. 38.5 Hz, respectively, P = 0.019). Both groups of migraineurs had significantly lower thresholds as compared to controls, migraineurs with aura presenting the lowest thresholds for the fusion of flickering ( P = 0.008 and P = 0.0001 with the CFM and the FCM, respectively). Results confirmed and extended previous observations of abnormal flicker fusion thresholds in migraineurs. We hypothesize that this finding might be related to a shorter cortical stimulation silent period.

The Structured-Objective Rorschach Test: A Question of Choice Frequency

1965 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Langer ◽  
Thomas L. Hick
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Testing Effect ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
State University ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
Utah State University ◽  
Consistency Of The Test ◽  
Choice Frequency ◽  
Choice Method

Ss at Utah State University were administered the SORT in a free- (as many or as few responses per blot) and forced- (one response per triad for a total of 10 responses per blot) choice counterbalanced design. Findings indicated: (1) the internal consistency of the test was strengthened by the free-choice method and (2) there was an order-of-testing effect, with women making more responses on the free-choice which preceded the forced-choice administration.

You Get What You Ask For: Forced-Choice versus Free-Response Measures of Causal Attributions

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Beers ◽  
Charles A. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Free Response ◽  
Sufficient Cause ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
Behavior Description ◽  
Consensus Information

To test predictions from Kelley's (1967) attribution model, subjects were presented with stimulus items consisting of a behavior description and high or low consensus and distinctiveness information. In Study I 59 subjects chose among four causal alternatives to explain behavior; in Study II free-response explanations were solicited from 49 other subjects. For Study I person attribution was most frequent given low consensus and low distinctiveness information. In Study II person attribution was frequent under low consensus and environmental attribution under high consensus, but no effect was found for distinctiveness information. It is suggested that observers employ consensus information alone when seeking a sufficient cause to explain behavior; when refined causal discriminations are required, observers employ both consensus and distinctiveness information.

Update on the Decline in the Education and Training in Psychological Measurement and Assessment

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Merenda
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Psychological Measurement ◽  
And Training

An update is presented on the steady decline in the education and training of psychometricians, quantitative psychologists, and personality assessment psychologists in North America.

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