The role of boron in below-ground and above-ground growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees and seedlings

2001 ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
M. Möttönen ◽  
T. Lehto ◽  
P. J. Aphalo
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Below Ground

Species diversity and distribution of biomass above and below ground among ectomycorrhizal fungi in an old-growth Norway spruce forest in south Sweden

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1323-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Dahlberg ◽  
Lena Jonsson ◽  
Jan-Erik Nylund
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Community ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Karst Forest ◽  
Cumulative Production ◽  
South Sweden ◽  
Below Ground

The structure of an ectomycorrhizal community was assessed on a 100-m2 plot in a 100-year-old, oligotrophic Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., forest in southern Sweden. During the 6-year study (1986–1992) sporocarps were identified and their biomass determined. Late in the fall of 1993, we identified mycorrhizas and estimated their abundance. Forty-eight epigeous, ectomycorrhizal taxa were identified based on the examination of sporocarps. Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus (Fr.:Fr.) Fr. and six species of Cortinarius, i.e., C. acutus (Pers.:Fr.) Fr., C. brunneus (Pers.:Fr.) Fr., C. evernius (Fr.:Fr.) Fr., C. obtusus (Fr.) Fr., C. paleaceus Fr., and C. strobilaceus Moser, were found every year. For the period as a whole, they accounted for 32% of the annual sporocarp biomass. Twenty-one species were observed during 1 year only. Cenococcum geophilum Fr. and Piloderma croceum Erikss. & Hjortst. accounted for 18 and 19%, respectively, of the mycorrhizal abundance of the mycorrhizal root tips examined. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based molecular methods, we were able to distinguish 25 taxa forming mycorrhiza from soil cores covering a total of 22.5 cm2 of the forest floor. Twelve of these taxa were identified using a sporocarp or mycelial culture based reference data base containing 25 of the sporocarp-producing species. These 12 species accounted for an average of 74% of the sporocarp biomass. In contrast, their share of the estimated mycorrhizal abundance and biomass was about 30%. At least half of the abundance of the belowground ectomycorrhizal community was accounted for by species that did not produce conspicuous epigeous sporocarps. Ascomycetes accounted for about 20% of the mycorrhizal abundance. Calculations showed that on a per hectare basis there was 8.8 kg of fungal biomass in the form of sporocarps (average annual cumulative production), an estimated 250–400 kg as mycorrhiza (standing crop) and 440 kg in the form of sclerotia of Cenococcum geophilum (standing crop). Key words: ectomycorrhizal community structure, ITS–RFLP, Picea abies.

scholarly journals Effects of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) on the humus forms in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) stands

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Podrázský Vilém ◽  
Vacek Zdeněk ◽  
Kupka Ivo ◽  
Vacek Stanislav ◽  
Třeštík Michal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Top Soil

The effects of silver fir (Abies alba Miller) on the soil compared to Norway spruce (Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten) were evaluated. Altitude of the study site is 790 m a.s.l., mild slope of 10° facing SW, forest site is spruce-beech on acid soil. The forest floor and top soil horizons (L + F1, F2 + H, Ah) were sampled in 4 replications beneath unmixed Norway spruce and silver fir groups. Comparing the soil-forming effects of both species, few significant differences were found in the Ah horizon – contents of total C, N, exchangeable Al and plant available Ca were higher beneath spruce. The soil improving role of silver fir compared to spruce was confirmed at the studied locality.

Identification of endophytic hyphae of Lophodermium piceae in tissues of green, symptomless Norway spruce needles by immunoelectron microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Suske ◽  
Georg Acker
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Immunogold Labeling ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Hyphal Sheath ◽  
Spruce Needles

Antiserum specific for Lophodermium piceae hyphae was obtained by absorbing a rabbit L. piceae antiserum with hyphal material of different fungal isolates. The specificity of this absorbed antiserum was tested with hyphae of endophytic fungi isolated from green, asymptomatic needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) using the on-section immunogold labeling technique. With this specific, absorbed antiserum, a homogenous labeling was obtained with cultured hyphae of L. piceae, whereas all other spruce needle endophytes examined remained practically unlabeled. Insignificant cross-reactivity was also observed with needle tissues. The absorbed antiserum was then applied for the immunoelectron microscopical identification of L. piceae hyphae in situ in infected tissues of green, asymptomatic Norway spruce needles. The function of papillalike structures observed in infected needle mesophyll as well as the role of the hyphal sheath surrounding endophytic L. piceae hyphae are discussed in connection with the interaction between L. piceae and asymptomatic Norway spruce needles.

Role of boron in drought resistance in Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mottonen ◽  
P. J. Aphalo ◽  
T. Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Drought Resistance

Above- and below-ground community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi in three Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in Switzerland

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1134-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Peter ◽  
François Ayer ◽  
Simon Egli ◽  
Rosmarie Honegger
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Study Sites

The structure of ectomycorrhizal communities was assessed above- and below-ground at three different sites in Switzerland that are dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). We applied three different approaches to record the ectomycorrhizal species compositions and their spatial structures and compared them among each other. Sporocarp inventories were carried out weekly for 3 years. Belowground, molecular, and morphological analyses of ectomycorrhizal roots were performed. In the 3 years of sporocarp survey, a total of 128 ectomycorrhizal species was observed. Most abundant in number of species were the genera Cortinarius and Russula in all three sites. Using polymerase chain reaction, only 22% of the ectomycorrhizal species observed in sporocarp surveys were detected in mycorrhizas. Species that produce no or inconspicuous sporocarps were most abundant on the root system in all three study sites. The resolution was clearly inferior in morphotype compared with molecular analyses. Spatial analyses of the ectomycorrhizal species composition among subplots revealed high variability within sites. Within sites, spatial structure with positive autocorrelation was observed based on sporocarp data as well as molecular analyses of root tips at the site where the number of analysed mycorrhizas was sufficiently high. No spatial structure could be detected on this scale by morphotype analyses because of the high variability among soil cores. All three methods showed the same site to be separated from the other two based on ectomycorrhizal species compositions. Stand ages and their histories are discussed as possible explanations for these findings.Key words: community structure, ectomycorrhiza, macrofungi, morphotype, ITS RFLP, Picea abies.

The role of sulphur compounds for breeding success of Ips typographus L. (Col., Scolytidae) on Norway Spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (8) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mattanovich ◽  
M. Ehrenhofer ◽  
C. Schafellner ◽  
M. Tausz ◽  
E. Fuhrer
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Sulphur Compounds

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds in Needles of Norway Spruce Trees in Relation to Novel Forest Decline. II. Studies on Trees from Two Sites in Middle Western Germany

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Richter ◽  
Aloysius Wild
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Spruce Needles

Abstract The content of several phenolic compounds in needles of 20- to 30-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) was measured using HPLC. The results of two forestry sites in middle western Germany are reported in this paper. They are part of a research programme on novel forest decline which was carried out in various regions of Germany. Distinct amounts of picein, catechin, piceatannol glucoside, and other phenolic compounds were detected in the studied spruce needles. Additionally, their contents changed in relation to damage. Some compounds, especially catechin, showed increased levels in the needles of the damaged trees compared to the undamaged ones. Here, the values for the undamaged trees of the different sites were similar. Concerning the changes in picein contents, however, there was a great difference between the sites. p-Hydroxyacetophenone was detected in very low amounts only and did not correlate with damage.These results are compared with earlier findings from another site that shows severe damage. The role of phenolic compounds as indicators of tree damage is discussed.

Above- and below-ground community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi in three Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in Switzerland

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1134-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Peter ◽  
François Ayer ◽  
Simon Egli ◽  
Rosmarie Honegger
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Below Ground
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