Identification of endophytic hyphae of Lophodermium piceae in tissues of green, symptomless Norway spruce needles by immunoelectron microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Suske ◽  
Georg Acker
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Immunogold Labeling ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Hyphal Sheath ◽  
Spruce Needles

Antiserum specific for Lophodermium piceae hyphae was obtained by absorbing a rabbit L. piceae antiserum with hyphal material of different fungal isolates. The specificity of this absorbed antiserum was tested with hyphae of endophytic fungi isolated from green, asymptomatic needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) using the on-section immunogold labeling technique. With this specific, absorbed antiserum, a homogenous labeling was obtained with cultured hyphae of L. piceae, whereas all other spruce needle endophytes examined remained practically unlabeled. Insignificant cross-reactivity was also observed with needle tissues. The absorbed antiserum was then applied for the immunoelectron microscopical identification of L. piceae hyphae in situ in infected tissues of green, asymptomatic Norway spruce needles. The function of papillalike structures observed in infected needle mesophyll as well as the role of the hyphal sheath surrounding endophytic L. piceae hyphae are discussed in connection with the interaction between L. piceae and asymptomatic Norway spruce needles.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds in Needles of Norway Spruce Trees in Relation to Novel Forest Decline. II. Studies on Trees from Two Sites in Middle Western Germany

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Richter ◽  
Aloysius Wild
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Spruce Needles

Abstract The content of several phenolic compounds in needles of 20- to 30-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) was measured using HPLC. The results of two forestry sites in middle western Germany are reported in this paper. They are part of a research programme on novel forest decline which was carried out in various regions of Germany. Distinct amounts of picein, catechin, piceatannol glucoside, and other phenolic compounds were detected in the studied spruce needles. Additionally, their contents changed in relation to damage. Some compounds, especially catechin, showed increased levels in the needles of the damaged trees compared to the undamaged ones. Here, the values for the undamaged trees of the different sites were similar. Concerning the changes in picein contents, however, there was a great difference between the sites. p-Hydroxyacetophenone was detected in very low amounts only and did not correlate with damage.These results are compared with earlier findings from another site that shows severe damage. The role of phenolic compounds as indicators of tree damage is discussed.

Observations on an introduced bud scale, Physokermes hemicryphus (Homoptera: Coccidae), infesting Norway spruce in Idaho

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1348-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm M Furniss
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
First Instar ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Lateral Branches

An introduced bud scale on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Pinaceae)) in Idaho, formerly thought to be Physokermes piceae Schrank (Homoptera: Coccidae), is identified as Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman). Secondary lateral branches of infested Norway spruce become pendent as a result of growing abnormally in length relative to diameter. The scale reproduces by parthenogenesis in North America; no male is known there. Mature females in situ resemble a branch bud. An average of 2.2 females occurred per infested node. They grew larger in late May, at which time they protruded visibly from beneath branch bud scales of the previous year and became immersed in their secreted honeydew. At maturity, females contained a prolific number of eggs (290–858). The eggs hatched into nymphs within the rigid exoskeleton of the dead female in late June. Nymphs emerged during July and migrated distally along a branch. They overwintered as second (final) instars attached to needles or beneath bud scales at the branch node from which the current-year terminal emanated. Four species of hymenopterous parasites were reared from adult scales. Of these, Americencyrtus sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was most abundant. It parasitized a majority of first instar nymphs but allowed them to develop to maturity the following spring before destroying their embryonic eggs and emerging in synchrony with appearance of nymphs of unparasitized females.

Mechanical behaviour of chemically modified Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.): Experimental mechanical studies on spruce wood after methacrylation and in situ polymerization of styrene

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Oluyinka Olaniran ◽  
Benjamin Michen ◽  
Diego F. Mora Mendez ◽  
Falk K. Wittel ◽  
Erik Valentine Bachtiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Mechanical Studies

Diversity of endophytic fungi of single Norway spruce needles and their role as pioneer decomposers

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1801-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Müller ◽  
Rauni Valjakka ◽  
Aki Suokko ◽  
Jarkko Hantula
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Spruce Needles

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Activity In Norway Spruce Needles: Effects Of Air Pollutants Under Controlled Conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 502-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartwig Hohlfeld ◽  
Cornelius Lütz ◽  
Dieter Strack
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Spruce Needles

The effect of mixtures of air pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3) on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase; EC 4.1.1.31) activities from needles of four-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in closed fumigation chambers were analyzed. Three months exposure to high concentrations of O3 (1030 µg/m3) together with SO2 (1030 µg/m3) or NO2 (615 µg/m3) resulted in a dramatic increase in PEPCase activities

scholarly journals Effects of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) on the humus forms in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) stands

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Podrázský Vilém ◽  
Vacek Zdeněk ◽  
Kupka Ivo ◽  
Vacek Stanislav ◽  
Třeštík Michal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Top Soil

The effects of silver fir (Abies alba Miller) on the soil compared to Norway spruce (Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten) were evaluated. Altitude of the study site is 790 m a.s.l., mild slope of 10° facing SW, forest site is spruce-beech on acid soil. The forest floor and top soil horizons (L + F1, F2 + H, Ah) were sampled in 4 replications beneath unmixed Norway spruce and silver fir groups. Comparing the soil-forming effects of both species, few significant differences were found in the Ah horizon – contents of total C, N, exchangeable Al and plant available Ca were higher beneath spruce. The soil improving role of silver fir compared to spruce was confirmed at the studied locality.

Role of boron in drought resistance in Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mottonen ◽  
P. J. Aphalo ◽  
T. Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Drought Resistance
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