The Haustorium of Phytopathogenic Fungi: A Short Overview of a Specialized Cell of Obligate Biotrophic Plant Parasites

2020 ◽  
pp. 337-355
Author(s):  
Álvaro Polonio ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-García ◽  
Jesús Martínez-Cruz ◽  
Dolores Fernández-Ortuño ◽  
Antonio de Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Specialized Cell ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Plant Parasites

Computer simulations for the TEM bend contour technique

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Vladimir Yu. Kolosov ◽  
Anders R. Thölén
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Beam Method ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Contour Technique

In this paper we give a short overview of two TEM applications utilizing the extinction bend contour technique (BC) giving the advantages and disadvantages; especially we consider two areas in which the BC technique remains unique. Special attention is given to an approach including computer simulations of TEM micrographs.BC patterns are often observed in TEM studies but are rarely exploited in a serious way. However, this type of diffraction contrast was one of the first to be used for analysis of imperfections in crystalline foils, but since then only some groups have utilized the BC technique. The most extensive studies were performed by Steeds, Eades and colleagues. They were the first to demonstrate the unique possibilities of the BC method and named it real space crystallography, which developed later into the somewhat similar but more powerful convergent beam method. Maybe, due to the difficulties in analysis, BCs have seldom been used in TEM, and then mainly to visualize different imperfections and transformations.

Bartók and Scarlatti: A study of motives and influence

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Balázs Mikusi
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
Human Emotions

The long-held notion that Bartók’s style represents a unique synthesis of features derived from folk music, from the works of his best contemporaries, as well as from the great classical masters has resulted in a certain asymmetry in Bartók studies. This article provides a short overview of the debate concerning the “Bartókian synthesis,” and presents a case study to illuminate how an ostensibly “lesser” historical figure like Domenico Scarlatti could have proved important for Bartók in several respects. I suggest that it must almost certainly have been Sándor Kovács who called Scarlatti’s music to Bartók’s attention around 1910, and so Kovács’s 1912 essay on the Italian composer may tell us much about Bartók’s Scarlatti reception as well. I argue that, while Scarlatti’s musical style may indeed have appealed to Bartók in more respects than one, he may also have identified with Scarlatti the man, who (in Kovács’s interpretation) developed a thoroughly ironic style in response to the unavoidable loneliness that results from the impossibility of communicating human emotions (an idea that must have intrigued Bartók right around the time he composed his Duke Bluebeard’s Castle ). In conclusion I propose that Scarlatti’s Sonata in E major (L21/K162), which Bartók performed on stage and also edited for an instructive publication, may have inspired the curious structural model that found its most clear-cut realization in Bartók’s Third Quartet.

Preliminary Screening of Isolated Mycoherbicidal Fungi for the Management of Noxious Weed Xanthiumstrumarium

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
AJAY KUMAR SINGH ◽  
AKHILESH KUMAR PANDEY
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Complete Collapse

Natural phytotoxins of fungi are great source for the discovery of new herbicide and its offer a benign and eco-friendly alternative to manage weed. Thus, this study aimed to select potential fungi with potent herbicidal activity for control ofweeds. In the present study, various phytopathogenic fungi were isolated from infected tissues of various weeds and evaluated againstXanthium strumarium, a problematic monocotyledonous weed of open lands, agriculture, horticulture and forests. Herbicidal potential of Cell Free Culture Filtrate (CFCF) of strains ofPhoma herbarum (FGCCW#18, FGCCW#43) Fusariummonilifromecoded as FGCCW#35 and Fusarium roseum coded as FGCCW#55againstXanthium strumariumwere evaluated by seedling and shoot cut bioassays. Maximum mortalities of shoots, seedlings and phytotoxic damage were obtainedfrom28 day sold cell free culture filtrate (CFCF) of FGCCW#18 at 100% concentration. Significant reduction in biological contents i.e. photosynthetic pigment and protein was observed in the host weed on treatment with the CFCF as determined by detached leaf bioassay. Phytotoxic damage such as severe wilting, chlorosis, necrosis and complete collapse of the entire parts of the weed were also noticed due to CFCF application.

scholarly journals Short overview of the history of cardiovascular surgery

Cor et Vasa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. e61-e62
Author(s):  
Michael Aschermann ◽  
Petr Němec
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Surgery ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Categorization of Orthologous Gene Clusters in 92 Ascomycota Genomes Reveals Functions Important for Phytopathogenicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Daniel Peterson ◽  
Tang Li ◽  
Ana M. Calvo ◽  
Yanbin Yin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Orthologous Gene ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Signal Peptides ◽  
Comparative Genomics Analysis

Phytopathogenic Ascomycota are responsible for substantial economic losses each year, destroying valuable crops. The present study aims to provide new insights into phytopathogenicity in Ascomycota from a comparative genomic perspective. This has been achieved by categorizing orthologous gene groups (orthogroups) from 68 phytopathogenic and 24 non-phytopathogenic Ascomycota genomes into three classes: Core, (pathogen or non-pathogen) group-specific, and genome-specific accessory orthogroups. We found that (i) ~20% orthogroups are group-specific and accessory in the 92 Ascomycota genomes, (ii) phytopathogenicity is not phylogenetically determined, (iii) group-specific orthogroups have more enriched functional terms than accessory orthogroups and this trend is particularly evident in phytopathogenic fungi, (iv) secreted proteins with signal peptides and horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) are the two functional terms that show the highest occurrence and significance in group-specific orthogroups, (v) a number of other functional terms are also identified to have higher significance and occurrence in group-specific orthogroups. Overall, our comparative genomics analysis determined positive enrichment existing between orthogroup classes and revealed a prediction of what genomic characteristics make an Ascomycete phytopathogenic. We conclude that genes shared by multiple phytopathogenic genomes are more important for phytopathogenicity than those that are unique in each genome.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas eucalypticola sp. nov., a producer of antifungal agents isolated from Eucalyptus dunnii leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujing Liu ◽  
Zhang Song ◽  
Hualong Zeng ◽  
Meng Lu ◽  
Weiyao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence Analysis

AbstractPseudomonas are ubiquitously occurring microorganisms and are known for their ability to produce antimicrobials. An endophytic bacterial strain NP-1 T, isolated from Eucalyptus dunnii leaves, exhibits antifungal properties against five tested phytopathogenic fungi. The strain is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium containing a single polar flagellum. It is strictly aerobic, grows at 4–37 °C, 2–5% NaCl, and pH 3–7. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that NP-1 T belongs to the Pseudomonas genus. Phylogenetic analysis based on four concatenated partial genes (16S rDNA, gyrB, rpoB and rpoD) and the phylogenomic tree indicated that NP-1 T belongs to Pseudomonas fluorescens lineage but is distinct from any known Pseudomonas species. The G + C mol % of NP-1 T genome is 63.96, and the differences between NP-1 T and related species are larger than 1. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and tetranucleotide signatures are 23.8 and 0.97, which clearly separates strain NP-1 T from its closest neighbours, Pseudomonas coleopterorum and Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae. Its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features confirmed its differentiation from related taxa. The results from this polyphasic approach support the classification of NP-1 T as a novel species of Pseudomonas, and the name of Pseudomonas eucalypticola is thus proposed for this strain, whose type is NP-1 T (= CCTCC M2018494T = JCM 33572 T).

scholarly journals Potential antifungal effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different sizes against phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilgin Akpinar ◽  
Muammer Unal ◽  
Taner Sar
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Critical Problems

AbstractFusarium species are the primary fungal pathogen affecting agricultural foodstuffs both in crop yield and economic loss. Due to these problems, control of phytopathogenic fungi has become one of the critical problems around the World. Nanotechnology is a new technology with potential in many fields, including agriculture. This study focused on determining potential effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different nanosizes (3, 5, 8 and 10 nm) and at different concentrations (12.5–100 ppm) against phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) strains. The maximum antifungal activity was achieved by decreasing nanosize and increasing concentration of AgNPs. Mycelium growth abilities were decreased about 50%, 75% and 90% by AgNPs treatment with 3 nm sizes at 25 ppm, 37.5 ppm and 50 ppm concentrations, respectively. The productivity of fungal biomass in the liquid growth media was found to be too limited at the 25–37.5 ppm of AgNPs concentrations with all sizes. In addition, both septation number and dimensions of micro- and macroconidia were found to be gradually decreased with the application of silver nanoparticles. This work showed that the low concentration of AgNPs could be used as potential antifungal agents and applied for control of phytopathogens.

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