Preliminary Screening of Isolated Mycoherbicidal Fungi for the Management of Noxious Weed Xanthiumstrumarium

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
AJAY KUMAR SINGH ◽  
AKHILESH KUMAR PANDEY
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Complete Collapse

Natural phytotoxins of fungi are great source for the discovery of new herbicide and its offer a benign and eco-friendly alternative to manage weed. Thus, this study aimed to select potential fungi with potent herbicidal activity for control ofweeds. In the present study, various phytopathogenic fungi were isolated from infected tissues of various weeds and evaluated againstXanthium strumarium, a problematic monocotyledonous weed of open lands, agriculture, horticulture and forests. Herbicidal potential of Cell Free Culture Filtrate (CFCF) of strains ofPhoma herbarum (FGCCW#18, FGCCW#43) Fusariummonilifromecoded as FGCCW#35 and Fusarium roseum coded as FGCCW#55againstXanthium strumariumwere evaluated by seedling and shoot cut bioassays. Maximum mortalities of shoots, seedlings and phytotoxic damage were obtainedfrom28 day sold cell free culture filtrate (CFCF) of FGCCW#18 at 100% concentration. Significant reduction in biological contents i.e. photosynthetic pigment and protein was observed in the host weed on treatment with the CFCF as determined by detached leaf bioassay. Phytotoxic damage such as severe wilting, chlorosis, necrosis and complete collapse of the entire parts of the weed were also noticed due to CFCF application.

HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY OF Ageratum conyzoides AGAINST PARTHENIUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Nimra Javaid ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Mukhtar Hussain Shah ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Syed Muhammad Waleed
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

This study was carried out to explore herbicidal potential of an asteraceous weed Ageratum conyzoides against an exotic noxious weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) of aqueous extracts of various parts of the tested weed were used in laboratory bioassays. ANOVA revealed the significant effect of plant part bioassay and extract concentration on germination as well as various root and shoot growth parameters. Leaf extract was found the most herbicidal where a 10% extract completely inhibited the germination and growth of parthenium. Root and inflorescence extracts were also highly inhibitory in suppressing the germination up to 89% and 95%, shoot length up to 80% and 89%, root length up to 86% and 91%, and plant biomass up to 89% and 98%, respectively. Stem extract showed the least herbicidal activity causing up to 46%, 59%, 73% and 37% reduction in germination, shoot length, root length and plant biomass, respectively. This study concludes that leaf, root and inflorescence extracts of A. conyzoides possess strong herbicidal potential against germination and growth of parthenium.

scholarly journals Effect of Ammonia and Indole-3-acetic Acid Producing Endophytic Klebsiella pneumoniae YNA12 as a Bio-Herbicide for Weed Inhibition: Special Reference with Evening Primroses

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Sang-Mo Kang ◽  
Saqib Bilal ◽  
Raheem Shahzad ◽  
Yu-Na Kim ◽  
Chang-Wook Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Information on the use of endophytic bacteria as a bio-herbicide for the management of weed control in agricultural fields is limited. The current study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from evening primroses and to screen them for their bio-herbicidal activity. Two isolated endophytic bacteria (Pantoea dispersa YNA11 and Klebsiella pneumoniae YNA12) were initially screened for citrate utilization and for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and catalase production. The preliminary biochemical assessment showed YNA12 as a positive strain. Ammonia, catalase, and IAA in its culture filtrate were quantified. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy- Selective Ion Monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) analysis revealed the production of IAA by YNA12 in a time-dependent manner. YNA12 also exhibited significant ammonia-producing potential and catalase activity against hydrogen peroxide. The YNA12 culture filtrate significantly inhibited the germination rate of evening primrose seeds, resulting in a marked reduction in seedling length and biomass compared with those of the control seeds. Moreover, the culture filtrate of YNA12 significantly accelerated the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) production and catalase activity of evening primrose seedlings. Macronutrient regulation was adversely affected in the seedlings exposed to the culture filtrate of YNA12, leading to inhibition of seed germination. The current results suggest that endophytic YNA12 may be used as a potent bio-herbicidal agent for controlling weed growth and development.

Secondary metabolites from endophytic Streptomyces aureofaciens CMUAc130 and their antifungal activity

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 1691-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thongchai Taechowisan ◽  
Chunhua Lu ◽  
Yuemao Shen ◽  
Saisamorn Lumyong
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Streptomyces Aureofaciens ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Fungal Growth Inhibition

Streptomyces aureofaciens CMUAc130 was isolated from the root tissue of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae). It was an antagonist of Colletotrichum musae and Fusarium oxysporum, the causative agents of anthracnose of banana and wilt of wheat, respectively. Evidence for the in vitro antibiosis of S. aureofaciens CMUAc130 was demonstrated by the zone of fungal-growth inhibition. Microscopic observations showed thickness and bulbous structures at the edges of the inhibited fungal hyphae. The culture filtrate and crude extract from this strain were all inhibitory to tested phytopathogenic fungi. The major active ingredients from the culture filtrate of S. aureofaciens CMUAc130 were purified by silica gel-column chromatography and identified to be (i) 5,7-dimethoxy-4-p-methoxylphenylcoumarin and (ii) 5,7-dimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin by NMR and mass-spectral data, respectively. Bioassay studies showed that compounds (i) and (ii) had antifungal activities against tested fungi, and their MICs were found to be 120 and 150 μg ml−1, respectively. This is the first report of compounds (i) and (ii) from micro-organisms as active ingredients for the control of phytopathogenic fungi.

Naramycin B, an Antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus Strain 587 with Herbicidal Properties-Fermentation, Isolation, and Identification

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1100-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Berg ◽  
Michael Schedel ◽  
Robert R. Schmidt ◽  
Klaus Ditgens ◽  
Horst Weyland
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Optical Isomer ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fermentative Production ◽  
Pure Product

Abstract From the culture filtrate of Streptomyces griseus strain 587 a herbicidal active fraction was isolated by adsorption on Lewapol® , methanolic desorption, and chromatography on Sephadex® LH-20. Further purification was achieved by HPLC. The pure product was characterized by TLC and different colour reactions. By MS, 1H-NM R, IR and ORD spectroscopy the herbicidal compound could be identified as naramycin B. Naramycin B is an optical isomer of cycloheximide (naramycin A, Actidione®, Acti-Aid®). This communication reports on the fermentative production of naramycin B with strain 587, its isolation, identification, and herbicidal activity.

scholarly journals Antifungal Potential of Organic Acids Produced by Mortierella Alpina

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Olga N. Shemshura ◽  
Zhazira N. Shemsheyeva ◽  
Amankeldy K. Sadanov ◽  
Bozena Lozovicka ◽  
Svetlana V. Kamzolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mortierella Alpina ◽  
Active Inhibitor ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Fusarium Tricinctum

The effect of metabolites is synthesized by M. alpina for growth and the synthesis of mycotoxins was studied using phytopathogenic fungi Purpureocillium lilacinum, Fusarium tricinctum and Fusarium oxysporum on infected rhizosphere and seeds of alfalfa cultivars. It was found that culture filtrate medium is suppressed into colony formation of phytopathogenic fungi from 56 to 96%. Arachidonic acid inhibits the growth of F. tricinctum and F. oxysporum by 69 to 90%, respectively, and enhanced by 62% in P. lilacinum. Moreover, arachidonic acid was found to be active inhibitor to the synthesis of mycotoxins by phytopathogenic fungi: in the presence of arachidonic acid F. oxysporum and F. tricincium do not synthesize zearalenone, and P. lilacinum - roquefortine and fellutanine.  

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Metabolites Produce by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Portal González ◽  
A. Soler ◽  
C. Ribadeneira ◽  
J. Solano ◽  
Roxana Portieles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Race 2

Banana is a major tropical fruit crop but banana production worldwide is seriously threatened due to Fusarium wilt. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of banana (also referred as Panama disease) is an asexual, soil inhabiting facultative parasite. Foc isolates can be classified into three races that are not defined genetically, but for their pathogenicity to different banana cultivars. Despite mycotoxins being some of the best studied virulence factors of phytopathogenic fungi and these have been useful for the prediction of Foc virulence on banana plants, toxins produced by Foc race 2 strains have not been previously identified. The aim of this contribution was to identify the phytotoxic metabolites closely related to banana wilt caused by a Foc race 2 strain. We used an in vitro bioassay on detached banana leaves to evaluate the specificity of the microbial culture filtrates before a partial purification and further identification of Foc race 2 phytotoxins. A 29-day-old host-specific culture filtrate was obtained but specificity of culture filtrate was unrecovered after partial purification. The non-specific phytotoxins were characterized as fusaric acid, beauvericin, and enniatin A. Whereas some, if not all, of these phytotoxins are important virulence factors, a proteinaceous fraction from the specific 29-day-old culture filtrate protected the leaves of the resistant banana cultivar from damage caused by such phytotoxic metabolites.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Culture Filtrate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RC-2 Isolated from Mulberry Leaves

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yoshida ◽  
S. Hiradate ◽  
T. Tsukamoto ◽  
K. Hatakeda ◽  
A. Shirata
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Mulberry Leaves

A potential antagonist, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain RC-2, against Colletotrichum dematium, mulberry anthracnose fungus, was obtained from healthy mulberry leaves by in vitro and in vivo screening techniques. Application of culture filtrate of RC-2 inhibited disease on mulberry leaves, indicating that suppression was due to antifungal compounds in the filtrate. Development of mulberry anthracnose on mulberry leaves was inhibited only when the culture filtrate was applied before fungal inoculation, and it was not inhibited by application after inoculation. These results suggest that the antifungal compounds in the filtrate exhibit a preventive effect on the disease. Peptone significantly increased production of the antifungal compounds. The culture filtrate of RC-2 also inhibited the growth of several other phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, such as Rosellinia necatrix, Pyricularia oryzae, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, in vitro. From the culture filtrate of RC-2, seven kinds of antifungal compounds were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography analysis, and one of the compounds was determined as iturin A2, a cyclic peptide, by nuclear magnetic resonance and fast atom bombardment mass analysis.

Antifungal activity in culture filtrates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1254-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Kope ◽  
J. A. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
European Isolate ◽  
Sphaerosporella Brunnea ◽  
Minimum Ratio ◽  
Hyphal Lysis

The ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius secreted a metabolite that lysed hypha and conidia and inhibited the germination of conidia in a range of phytopathogenic fungi. The optimum incubation period for the production of the metabolite by P. tinctorius in liquid culture was 42–56 days. Dilutions of the culture filtrate with fresh medium caused a gradient of inhibitory effects. For hyphal lysis the minimum ratio of culture filtrate to medium for complete growth inhibition was 5:1 for Rhizoctonia praticola and Truncatella hartigii and 3:1 for Sphaerosporella brunnea. At higher dilutions, the hyphae that formed were short celled and highly branched; many hyphae lysed. Conidial germination was completely inhibited at a ratio of 5:1 for both Fusarium solani and T. hartigii, 3:1 for a North American isolate of Brunchorstia pinea (NA), 1:1 for a European isolate of B. pinea (EU), and 1:3 for two strains of Cochliobolus sativus (0910, 0912). Conidial lysis was seen for T. hartigii at a ratio of 5:1 and at a ratio of 1:1 for B. pinea (EU) and C. sativus (0910). Characterization of the cell-free culture filtrate through the separate additions of D-glucose and an adsorbent, activated charcoal, showed that hyphal lysis and conidia germination inhibition did not result from a depletion of carbohydrates from the growth medium but from the presence of some substance adsorbed by charcoal. Key words: Pisolithus tinctorius, allelopathy, antifungal metabolite, hyphal lysis, mycorrhizosphere.

scholarly journals Association of Adjuvants with Culture Filtrate from Fusarium fujikuroi for Increasing the Control of Conyza sp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 6481-6487
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Suitable Combination

Metabolites from Fusarium fujikuroi were used as a bioherbicide product for the control of Conyza sp., a weed that causes considerable losses in the cultivation of soybean worldwide. Formulations containing distilled water or culture filtrate and different adjuvants (palm, soybean or mineral oil, Span® 80 and Tween® 80) were evaluated in order to increase the bioherbicidal activity through post-emergence bioassays. The herbicidal activity of culture filtrate was improved using different combinations of adjuvants. The best formulation was 3% (w/v) of mineral oil, 5.5% (w/v) of surfactant (Span® 80 and Tween® 80) and a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 15, which resulted in a higher herbicidal activity (100%) (complete death of plants) and lower phytotoxicity (0%). The suitable combination of adjuvants in association with culture filtrate from F. fujikuroi increased up to 2.5 times the efficiency of bioherbicide for the post-emergence control of Conyza sp.

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