Long-term and large scale high resolution catchment modelling: Innovations and challenges arising from the NERC Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS)

2007 ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom J. Coulthard ◽  
Mark G. Macklin
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Interaction Study ◽  
Catchment Modelling

scholarly journals A modular high-density 294-channel μECoG system on macaque vlPFC for auditory cognitive decoding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Han Chiang ◽  
Jaejin Lee ◽  
Charles Wang ◽  
Ashley J. Williams ◽  
Timothy H. Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
High Density ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution

AbstractOBJECTIVEA fundamental goal of the auditory system is to parse the auditory environment into distinct perceptual representations. Auditory perception is mediated by the ventral auditory pathway, which includes the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) late. Because large-scale recordings of auditory signals are quite rare, the spatiotemporal resolution of the neuronal code that underlies vlPFC’s contribution to auditory perception has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we developed a modular, chronic, high-resolution, multi-electrode array system with long-term viability.APPROACHWe molded three separate μECoG arrays into one and implanted this system in a non-human primate. A custom 3D-printed titanium chamber was mounted on left hemisphere. The molded 294-contact μECoG array was implanted subdurally over vlPFC. μECoG activity was recorded while the monkey participated in a “hearing-in-noise” task in which they reported hearing a “target” vocalization from a background “chorus” of vocalizations. We titrated task difficulty by varying the sound level of the target vocalization, relative to the chorus (target-to-chorus ratio, TCr).MAIN RESULTSWe decoded the TCr and the monkey’s behavioral choices from the μECoG signal. We analyzed decoding capacity as a function of neuronal frequency band, spatial resolution, and time from implantation. Over a one-year period, we were successfully able to record μECoG signals. Although we found significant decoding with as few as two electrodes, we found near-perfect decoding with ∼16 electrodes. Decoding further improved when we included more electrodes. Finally, because the decoding capacity of individual electrodes varied on a day-by-day basis, high-density electrode arrays ensure robust decoding in the long term.SIGNIFICANCEOur results demonstrate the utility and robustness of high-resolution chronic µECoG recording. We developed a new high-resolution surface electrode array that can be scaled to cover larger cortical areas without increasing the chamber footprint.

scholarly journals How many fish could be vocal? An estimation from a coral reef (Moorea Island)

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Parmentier ◽  
Frédéric Bertucci ◽  
Marta Bolgan ◽  
David Lecchini
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Acoustic Behaviour ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Moorea Island

A recurrent question arising in fish bioacoustics research concerns the number of vocal fish species that may exist. Although it is not possible to provide a precise globally valid number, an estimation based on recordings already collected at coral reefs (Moorea) and on morphological approaches indicates that approximately half of the fish families of this particular environment has at least one known sound-producing species. In light of this, acoustic behaviour should be fully considered in biology, ecology and management plans as it may provide information on a consistent portion of fish biodiversity. Fish bioacoustics has switched from anecdotal reports to long-term, large-scale monitoring studies, capable of providing high resolution information on fish populations’ composition and dynamics. This information is vital for successful management plans in our quickly changing seas.

scholarly journals High-Resolution Temperature Datasets in Portugal from a Geostatistical Approach: Variability and Extremes

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Fonseca ◽  
J. A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Geostatistical Approach

AbstractClimate research in Portugal is often constrained by the lack of homogeneous, temporally and spatially consistent, and long-term climatic series. To overcome this limitation, the authors developed new high-resolution gridded datasets (~1 km) of daily mean, minimum, and maximum air temperatures over Portugal (1950–2015, 66 yr), based on gridded daily temperatures (E-OBS) at ~25-km spatial resolution. A two-step approach was followed, under the assumption that daily temperature variability in Portugal is mainly controlled by atmospheric large-scale forcing, while local processes are mostly expressed as strong spatial gradients. First, monthly baseline (1971–2000) patterns were estimated at 1-km grid resolution by applying multivariate linear regressions (exploratory variables: elevation, latitude, and distance to coastline). A kriging of residuals from baseline normals of 36 weather stations was applied for bias corrections. Second, bilinearly interpolated daily temperature anomalies were then added to the daily baseline patterns to obtain the final datasets. The method performance was evaluated using fivefold cross-validations. The datasets were also validated using daily temperatures from 23 stations not incorporated in E-OBS. A climatological analysis based on these datasets was carried out, highlighting spatial heterogeneities, seasonality, long-term trends, interannual variability, and extremes. The spatial and temporal variability is generally coherent with previous studies at coarser resolutions. An overall warming trend is apparent for all variables and indices, but showing different strengths and spatial variability. These datasets show important advantages over preexisting data, including more detailed and accurate information on trends and interannual variability of precipitation extremes, and can thus be applied to several areas of research in Portugal, such as hydrology, ecology, agriculture, and forestry.

Performance of Long-Term Integrations of the Japan Meteorological Agency Nonhydrostatic Model Using the Spectral Boundary Coupling Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Yasunaga ◽  
Hidetaka Sasaki ◽  
Yasutaka Wakazuki ◽  
Teruyuki Kato ◽  
Chiashi Muroi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Global Precipitation Climatology Project ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Area Model ◽  
Nonhydrostatic Model

Abstract The spectral boundary coupling (SBC) method, which is an approach used to couple a limited-area model with a large-scale model, was introduced into a nonhydrostatic model. To investigate whether the SBC method works well in a long-term integration of a high-resolution nonhydrostatic model, two numerical experiments were conducted with a model having a horizontal grid interval of 5 km. In one experiment, the SBC method was employed, while it was not in the other experiment. The time integration in both experiments was over a 40-day period. The nonhydrostatic model was nested into objectively analyzed fields, instead of the forecasts from an extended-area model. Predicted patterns of sea level pressure and precipitation were compared with objective analyses, and data provided by the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), respectively. The predicted rainfall amounts and surface temperature over the Japanese islands were statistically evaluated, making use of the analyzed rainfall and surface data observed by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). All results examined in the present study exhibited better performances with use of the SBC method than those without the SBC method. It was found that the SBC method was highly useful in long-term simulations by a high-resolution nonhydrostatic model.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Computer Analyses in Preventive Health Research

1967 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Collen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
New Era ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Normal Test ◽  
Computer Analyses

The utilization of an automated multitest laboratory as a data acquisition center and of a computer for trie data processing and analysis permits large scale preventive medical research previously not feasible. Normal test values are easily generated for the particular population studied. Long-term epidemiological research on large numbers of persons becomes practical. It is our belief that the advent of automation and computers has introduced a new era of preventive medicine.

(A review) Atlas of especially protected natural areas of Saint Petersburg / Ed. in chief V. N. Khramtsov, T. V. Kovaleva, N. Yu. Natsvaladze. St. Petersburg, 2013. 176 p.

2014 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Z. V. Karamysheva
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Original Illustrations ◽  
Vegetation Maps ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

The review contains detailed description of the «Atlas of especially protected natural areas of Saint Petersburg» published in 2013. This publication presents the results of long-term studies of 12 natural protected areas made by a large research team in the years from 2002 to 2013 (see References). The Atlas contains a large number of the historical maps, new satellite images, the original illustrations, detailed texts on the nature of protected areas, summary tables of rare species of vascular plants, fungi and vertebrates recorded in these areas. Special attention is paid to the principles of thematic large-scale mapping. The landscape maps, the vegetation maps as well as the maps of natural processes in landscapes are included. Reviewed Atlas deserves the highest praise.

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