scholarly journals A Preliminary Model for Deflection Routing

2000 ◽  
pp. 138-152
Author(s):  
Qin Wei ◽  
Gérard Hebuterne
Keyword(s):  
Deflection Routing ◽  
Preliminary Model

Transport of Microorganisms in the Underground – Processes, Experiments and Simulation Models

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Teutsch ◽  
K. Herbold-Paschke ◽  
D. Tougianidou ◽  
T. Hahn ◽  
K. Botzenhart
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Conservation Equation ◽  
Retardation Factor ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Mass Conservation Equation

In this paper the major processes governing the persistence and underground transport of viruses and bacteria are reviewed in respect to their importance under naturally occurring conditions. In general, the simulation of the governing processes is based on the macroscopic mass-conservation equation with the addition of some filter and/or retardation factor and a decay coefficient, representing the natural “die-off” of the microorganisms. More advanced concepts try to incorporate growth and decay coefficients together with deposition and declogging factors. At present, none of the reported concepts has been seriously validated. Due to the complexity of natural systems and the pathogenic properties of some of the microorganisms, experiments under controlled laboratory conditions are required. A laboratory setup is presented in which a great variety of natural conditions can be simulated. This comprises a set of 1 metre columns and an 8 metre stainless-steel flume with 24 sampling ports. The columns are easily filled and conditioned and therefore used to study the effects of different soil-microorganism combinations under various environmental conditions. In the artificial flume natural underground conditions are simulated using sand and gravel aquifer material from the river Neckar alluvium. A first set of results from the laboratory experiments is presented together with preliminary model simulations. The large variety of observed breakthrough curves and recovery for the bacteria and viruses under investigation demonstrates the great uncertainty encountered in microbiological risk assessment.

A controlled deflection routing and wavelength assignment based scheme in Optical Burst Switched (OBS) networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhe Nleya ◽  
Philani Khumalo ◽  
Andrew Mutsvangwa
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Conversion ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Wavelength Converters ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Deflection Routing ◽  
Backbone Networks ◽  
The Core ◽  
Optical Burst

AbstractHeterogeneous IoT-enabled networks generally accommodate both jitter tolerant and intolerant traffic. Optical Burst Switched (OBS) backbone networks handle the resultant volumes of such traffic by transmitting it in huge size chunks called bursts. Because of the lack of or limited buffering capabilities within the core network, burst contentions may frequently occur and thus affect overall supportable quality of service (QoS). Burst contention(s) in the core network is generally characterized by frequent burst losses as well as differential delays especially when traffic levels surge. Burst contention can be resolved in the core network by way of partial buffering using fiber delay lines (FDLs), wavelength conversion using wavelength converters (WCs) or deflection routing. In this paper, we assume that burst contention is resolved by way of deflecting contending bursts to other less congested paths even though this may lead to differential delays incurred by bursts as they traverse the network. This will contribute to undesirable jitter that may ultimately compromise overall QoS. Noting that jitter is mostly caused by deflection routing which itself is a result of poor wavelength and routing assigning, the paper proposes a controlled deflection routing (CDR) and wavelength assignment based scheme that allows the deflection of bursts to alternate paths only after controller buffer preset thresholds are surpassed. In this way, bursts (or burst fragments) intended for a common destination are always most likely to be routed on the same or least cost path end-to-end. We describe the scheme as well as compare its performance to other existing approaches. Overall, both analytical and simulation results show that the proposed scheme does lower both congestion (on deflection routes) as well as jitter, thus also improving throughput as well as avoiding congestion on deflection paths.

scholarly journals Retinol kinetics in unsupplemented and vitamin A-retinoic acid supplemented neonatal rats: a preliminary model

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1077-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libo Tan ◽  
Amanda E. Wray ◽  
Michael H. Green ◽  
A. Catharine Ross
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Preliminary Model

Research on network failure handling technology based on deflection routing

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-326
Author(s):  
Tao Yu ◽  
Shanzhi Chen ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Zhen Qin
Keyword(s):  
Deflection Routing ◽  
Network Failure ◽  
Failure Handling

scholarly journals A Preliminary Model of Gastrointestinal Electromechanical Coupling

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 3491-3495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Du ◽  
Yong Cheng Poh ◽  
Jee Lean Lim ◽  
V. Gajendiran ◽  
G. OrGrady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Preliminary Model

Dynamic Deflection Routing with Virtual Wavelength Assignment in Optical Burst-Switched Networks

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
SuKyoung Lee ◽  
LaeYoung Kim ◽  
JooSeok Song ◽  
David Griffith ◽  
Kotikalapudi Sriram
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Deflection Routing ◽  
Switched Networks ◽  
Optical Burst
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