Intestinal Physiology

2006 ◽  
pp. 221-222
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Physiology

THE EVALUATION OF SERUM SEROTONIN LEVEL AMONG PATIENTS WITH CROHN’S DISEASE AND ITS IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S55-S55
Author(s):  
Marcin Sochal ◽  
Piotr Bialasiewicz ◽  
Agata Gabryelska ◽  
Renata Talar-Wojnarowska ◽  
Jakub Fichna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Intestinal Physiology ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Background and aims Serotonin affects intestinal physiology, mood, as well as circadian rhythm. Moreover, serotonin has proinflammatory function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of serotonin in clinical severity of Crohn’s Disease (CD) and its effect on pain and sleep quality. Methods Fifty-nine CD patients (34 in exacerbation and 25 in remission according to the Harvey-Bradshaw Index-HBI) and 25 health control individuals(HC) were recruited. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and subjective severity of pain by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Seventeen patients were treated with anti-TNF-α induction therapy for 14 weeks. Results Serotonin level was higher in CD (145.12ng/mL, IQR:98.14–179.25) compared to HC (87.52ng/mL, IQR:70.04–129.39; p=0.002) and in exacerbation of CD (157.66ng/mL, IQR:111.94–197.64) compared to remission (122.33ng/mL, IQR:83.28–163.67; p=0.029). Serotonin level with cut-off point of 92.45 ng/mL is useful for distinguishing participants with CD from HC (sensitivity: 78%, specificity: 60%, positive predictive value: 82%). Positive correlation between serotonin and HBI (r=0.279, p=0.032) and severity of diarrhoea (r=0.260, p=0.047) were found. Serotonin does not correlate with PSQI (r=0.152, p=0.168), but correlates with presence of sleep fragmentation for example by getting up to use the bathroom (joined 5b-5j PSQI questions; r=0.270, p=0.039). Correlations between serotonin and VAS were also obtained (r=0.220, p=0.045). Moreover, serotonin level significantly decreased after anti-TNF-α therapy (192.35ng/mL, IQR:150.36–225.56 vs. 121.11ng/mL, IQR:91.28–188.87; p=0.006). The study was funded by National Science Centre, Poland (#2018/31/N/NZ5/03715). Conclusions Serotonin level correlates with the severity of CD and decreases after anti-TNF-α therapy. It is associated with sleep fragmentation, which may be caused by diarrhea.

scholarly journals Intestinal mycobiota in health and diseases: from a disrupted equilibrium to clinical opportunities

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Yaoyao Xia ◽  
Fang He ◽  
Congrui Zhu ◽  
Wenkai Ren
Keyword(s):  
Human Diseases ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Intestinal Physiology ◽  
Complex Ecosystem

AbstractBacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi establish a complex ecosystem in the gut. Like other microbiota, gut mycobiota plays an indispensable role in modulating intestinal physiology. Notably, the most striking characteristics of intestinal fungi are their extraintestinal functions. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the importance of gut fungi in the regulation of intestinal, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, pancreatic, and brain functions, and we present possible opportunities for the application of gut mycobiota to alleviate/treat human diseases.

Gender-specific effects of a phytogenic feed additive on performance, intestinal physiology and morphology in broiler chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Humer ◽  
E. Rohrer ◽  
W. Windisch ◽  
W. Wetscherek ◽  
C. Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Intestinal Physiology ◽  
Gender Specific

O. Sjögvist. On the use of morphine after operations in the abdominal cavity. (Acta chirurgica Scandinavica, Vol. LXXVIII, Fas. I-III, S. 33-70)

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
V. S. Mayat
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Intestinal Physiology ◽  
Bowel Movements

At the beginning of this work, the author gives a brief overview of normal intestinal physiology, noting that not all bowel movements can be identified with peristalsis.

Varied doses and chemical forms of selenium supplementation differentially affect mouse intestinal physiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 5398-5412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qixiao Zhai ◽  
Yue Xiao ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Fengwei Tian ◽  
Jianxin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Intestinal Physiology

Varied doses and chemical forms of selenium supplementation differentially affect mouse intestinal physiology and perturbed the fecal metabolic profiles of and jejunal protein expression in mice.

scholarly journals Gut organoids: mini-tissues in culture to study intestinal physiology and disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (3) ◽  
pp. C405-C419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Almeqdadi ◽  
Miyeko D. Mana ◽  
Jatin Roper ◽  
Ömer H. Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Intestinal Physiology ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Immortalized Cell ◽  
In Vitro Cell Cultures

In vitro, cell cultures are essential tools in the study of intestinal function and disease. For the past few decades, monolayer cellular cultures, such as cancer cell lines or immortalized cell lines, have been widely applied in gastrointestinal research. Recently, the development of three-dimensional cultures known as organoids has permitted the growth of normal crypt-villus units that recapitulate many aspects of intestinal physiology. Organoid culturing has also been applied to study gastrointestinal diseases, intestinal-microbe interactions, and colorectal cancer. These models are amenable to CRISPR gene editing and drug treatments, including high-throughput small-molecule testing. Three-dimensional intestinal cultures have been transplanted into mice to develop versatile in vivo models of intestinal disease, particularly cancer. Limitations of currently available organoid models include cost and challenges in modeling nonepithelial intestinal cells, such as immune cells and the microbiota. Here, we describe the development of organoid models of intestinal biology and the applications of organoids for study of the pathophysiology of intestinal diseases and cancer.

Intestinal physiology and pathology in gene-targeted mouse models of cystic fibrosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. G258-G266 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Grubb ◽  
S. E. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Intestinal Physiology

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a fatal genetic disorder that affects approximately 1 in 2,500 live Caucasian births. The disease can be described as a generalized exocrine disease affecting a variety of epithelial tissues, with early manifestation as meconium ileus in a significant number of neonates. Cloning of the gene causing CF was accomplished in 1989, and the protein product, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), has been conclusively shown to be an adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated Cl- channel. Subsequently, several mouse models of CF were generated by gene-targeting approaches in an attempt to further understand this disease. The initial excitement generated by the emergence of these mouse models was somewhat tempered by the finding that none of the models developed airway disease, which is currently responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality in the human CF population. However, the various CF mouse models, of which there are now 10, are remarkably similar to their human counterparts with respect to intestinal pathophysiology. Most importantly, the intestinal tract of the CF mouse models demonstrates the absence of cAMP-mediated Cl- transport, which is a hallmark of CF disease. Furthermore, the murine CF intestinal tract also shows an inability to secrete HCO3-, defective cAMP regulation of electroneutral NaCl absorption, and elevated electrogenic Na+ transport in the distal colon, as well as other ion transport perturbations. Besides the fundamental mechanisms of ion transport studied in the murine CF intestinal tract, these models have also been important in understanding other tissues with regard to CF. Mice heterozygous for the CFTR knockout gene have a reduced ability to secret Cl- and fluid and therefore provide further support for the CF "heterozygote advantage" hypothesis. Some CF mouse models maintain a limited ability to secrete Cl-, which may be due to accessory genes that are hypothesized to ameliorate disease severity in the intestines of these mice. This review describes the CF models generated and compares the murine defects in ion transport with observed abnormalities in the human CF intestine.

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