Diseases of pine (Pinus spp.)

1982 ◽  
pp. 139-162
Author(s):  
D. H. Phillips ◽  
D. A. Burdekin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Spp

scholarly journals Avian Community Response to Midrotation Herbicide Release and Prescribed Burning in Conservation Reserve Program Plantations

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Sladek ◽  
L. Burger ◽  
Ian Munn
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Conservation Reserve Program ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Avian Community ◽  
Disturbance Regimes ◽  
Pinus Spp

Abstract Former agricultural lands converted to pine (Pinus spp.) plantations in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) have potential to provide early successional (ES) habitat for many regionally declining pine/grassland and shrub-successional bird species if actively managed with appropriate disturbance regimes. One such regime is use of the selective herbicide Imazapyr (Arsenal Applicators Concentrate) and prescribed burning, which is permitted on CRP lands and cost share payments are available. This study quantified combined effects of Imazapyr and prescribed fire on the breeding season avian community characteristics and pine volume growth in thinned, midrotation afforested loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) plantations in Mississippi. Herbicide treatments were applied in fall of 2002 and winter burns were conducted during winter and early spring of 2002–2003. ES bird species richness was significantly greater in the treated plots compared with controls for both 2003 and 2004. Ten individual species exhibited treatment effects. These responses by ES bird species indicate that midrotation CRPplantations can provide needed ES habitat if treated with appropriate disturbance regimes.

Nucleotide polymorphisms in three genes support host and geographic speciation in tree pathogens belonging toGremmeniellaspp.

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1151-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dusabenyagasani ◽  
G Laflamme ◽  
R C Hamelin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
North American ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Group I ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Pinus Spp

We detected nucleotide polymorphisms within the genus Gremmeniella in DNA sequences of β-tubulin, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial small subunit rRNA (mtSSU rRNA) genes. A group-I intron was present in strains originating from fir (Abies spp.) in the mtSSU rRNA locus. This intron in the mtSSU rRNA locus of strains isolated from Abies sachalinensis (Fridr. Schmidt) M.T. Mast in Asia was also found in strains isolated from Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. in North America. Phylogenetic analyses yielded trees that grouped strains by host of origin with strong branch support. Asian strains of Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerberg) Morelet var. abietina isolated from fir (A. sachalinensis) were more closely related to G. abietina var. balsamea from North America, which is found on spruce (Picea spp.) and balsam fir, and European and North American races of G. abietina var. abietina from pines (Pinus spp.) were distantly related. Likewise, North American isolates of Gremmeniella laricina (Ettinger) O. Petrini, L.E. Petrini, G. Laflamme, & G.B. Ouellette, a pathogen of larch, was more closely related to G. laricina from Europe than to G. abietina var. abietina from North America. These data suggest that host specialization might have been the leading evolutionary force shaping Gremmeniella spp., with geographic separation acting as a secondary factor.Key words: Gremmeniella, geographic separation, host specialization, mitochondrial rRNA, nuclear genes.

Natural establishment of Pinus spp. around seed production areas and orchards

2021 ◽  
Vol 494 ◽  
pp. 119333
Author(s):  
Magda Paula dos Santos ◽  
Marcio José de Araujo ◽  
Paulo Henrique Müller da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Natural Establishment ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Production Areas

Breeding against dothistroma needle blight of radiata pine in Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1653-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Ivković ◽  
Brian Baltunis ◽  
Washington Gapare ◽  
Jo Sasse ◽  
Gregory Dutkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Needle Blight

Pine needle blight, caused by Dothistroma septosporum (Dorog.) M. Morelet, is one of the most serious foliar diseases of Pinus spp. in Australia and New Zealand. In 16 Pinus radiata (D.Don.) progeny trials in northeastern Victoria, Australia, Dothistroma-caused defoliation varied widely among trials and assessment years, ranging from 5% to 65%. The estimated narrow sense heritability ranged from nonsignificant to as high as 0.69 with a median of 0.36. Spatial autocorrelation of residuals accounted for a significant proportion of residual variance, and that increased heritability estimates. Genetic correlation between defoliation scores at an early age and growth at a later age was negative with a median value of –0.39. Phenotypic correlation between defoliation and survival was low and negative with a median value of –0.11. Economic analyses indicated that at sites with a high risk of infection, the effect of reducing defoliation on profitability was comparable with that of increasing growth at sites free from infection. The genetic parameters and economic impacts of Dothistroma were used to derive selection indices and include resistance to defoliation into the current breeding objective for radiata pine.

Modelling the susceptibility of pine stands to bark stripping by Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Germishuizen ◽  
Kabir Peerbhay ◽  
Riyad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Random Forests ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Bark Stripping ◽  
Papio Ursinus ◽  
Mpumalanga Province ◽  
Chacma Baboons ◽  
Pinus Spp

Context Commercial pine (Pinus spp.) plantations in southern Africa have been subjected to bark stripping by Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) for many decades, resulting in severe financial losses to producers. The drivers of this behaviour are not fully understood and have been partially attributed to resource distribution and availability. Aims The study sought to develop a spatially explicit ecological-risk model for bark stripping by baboons to understand the environmental factors associated with the presence of damage in the pine plantations of the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Methods The model was developed in Random Forests, a machine learning algorithm. Baboon damage information was collected through systematic surveys of forest plantations conducted annually. Environmental predictors included aspects of climate, topography and compartment-specific attributes. The model was applied to the pine plantations of the study area for risk evaluation. Key results The Random Forests classifier was successful in predicting damage occurrence (F1 score=0.84, area under curve (AUC)=0.96). Variable predictors that contributed most to the model classification accuracy were related to pine-stand characteristics, with the age of trees being the most important predictor, followed by species, site index and altitude. Variables pertaining to the environment surrounding a pine stand did not contribute substantially to the model performance. Key conclusions (1) The study suggests that bark stripping is influenced by compartment attributes; (2) predicted risk of bark stripping is higher in stands above the age of 5 years planted on high-productivity forestry sites, where site index (SI) is above 25; (3) presence of damage is not related to the proximity to natural areas; (4) further studies are required to investigate ecological and behavioural patterns associated with bark stripping. Implications The model provides a tool for understanding the potential extent of the risk of bark stripping by baboons within this region and it can be applied to other forestry areas in South Africa for risk evaluation. It contributes towards the assessment of natural hazards potentially affecting pine plantations and supports the development of risk-management strategies by forest managers. The model highlights opportunities for cultural interventions that may be tested for damage control.

Cronartium coleosporioides. [Distribution map].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cronartium coleosporioides Arth. Hosts: Pine (Pinus spp.), Castilleja spp. and others. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, USA (Alaska, Arizona, California, Colo., Iowa, Kansas, Minnisota, Montana, Wyo.).

Dendroctonus frontalis. [Distribution map].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann Coleoptera: Scolytidae Attacks Pinus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Israel, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Belize, E! Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua.

Taylorilygus apicalis. [Distribution map].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
New South ◽  
Mariana Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Northern Mariana Islands ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
St Helena ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Taylorilygus apicalis (Fieber) Heteroptera: Miridae Attacks pine (Pinus spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, France, Corsica, Mainland France, Italy, Mainland Italy, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Spain, Canary Islands, Mainland Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia (former), ASIA, Cyprus, India, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Iran, Israel, Japan, Ogasawara, Korea Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Turkey, Yemen, AFRICA, Algeria, Cameroon, Cape, Verde, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Madagascar, Morocco, Reunion, South Africa, St Helena, Sudan, Zaire, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Galapagos Islands, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Fed. States of Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands.

scholarly journals Excavation of Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) Middens by Bears (Ursus spp.) in Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) Habitat in Banff National Park, Alberta

2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hamer
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Limber Pine ◽  
Banff National Park ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Pinus Spp

Bears (Ursus spp.) in North America eat the seeds of several pines (Pinus spp.), including Limber Pine (P. flexilis E. James). Information on use of Limber Pine in Canada is limited to a report of three bear scats containing pine seeds found in Limber Pine stands of southwestern Alberta. After my preliminary fieldwork in Banff National Park revealed that bears were eating seeds of Limber Pine there, I conducted a field study in 2014–2015 to assess this use. Because bears typically obtain pine seeds from cone caches (middens) made by Red Squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), I described the abundance, habitat characteristics, and use by bears of Red Squirrel middens in and adjacent to Limber Pine stands at six study sites. On Bow River escarpments, I found abundant Limber Pines (basal area 1–9 m2/ha) and middens (0.8 middens/ha, standard deviation [SD] 0.2). Of 24 middens, 13 (54%) had been excavated by bears, and three bear scats composed of pine seeds were found beside middens. Although Limber Pines occurred on steep, xeric, windswept slopes (mean 28°, SD 3), middens occurred on moderate slopes (mean 12°, SD 3) in escarpment gullies and at the toe of slopes in forests of other species, particularly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). At the five other study sites, I found little or no use of Limber Pine seeds by bears, suggesting that Limber Pine habitat may be little used by bears unless the pines are interspersed with (non-Limber Pine) habitat with greater forest cover and less-steep slopes where squirrels establish middens. These observations provide managers with an additional piece of information regarding potential drivers of bear activity in the human-dominated landscape of Banff National Park’s lower Bow Valley.

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