Terms of Trade and Economic Development

1989 ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Singer
1962 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Enrique Lerdau

Author(s):  
Sumeet Gupta ◽  
Mark Goh

Free trade agreements have been employed, either unilaterally or as a bloc, as an instrument to overcome the inefficiencies in trade brought about by the prevailing barriers and regulatory measures. During their 10th Summit, the leaders of ASEAN agreed to integrate their priority sectors with a vision to developing an ASEAN economic community whereby there would be a free flow of goods, services, investment and a freer flow of capital, equitable economic development, and reduced poverty and socio-economic disparities. This market would have no price discrimination for commodities and against foreign goods, services, capital, and labor. The aim of this chapter is to assess the current state of the cross-border trade in logistics services among ASEAN. The extent of the ease of cross-border trade is measured in terms of trade friendliness. The trade friendliness is a measure of the openness of ASEAN towards conducting free cross-border trade.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgy Idrisov ◽  
Yury Ponomarev ◽  
Sergey Sinelnikov-Murylev

1958 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Singer ◽  
Gerald M. Meier

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-434
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Shoaib Ahmad

This paper examined the relationship between FDI, imports, exports, terms of trade and investment   in Pakistan for the period 1990-2015. Results show that an increase in all these factors will contribute significantly to FDI flows that may help the Pakistan’s economy.  FDI has negative and significant impact on GDP.  Exports have an insignificant effect that may imply that historically economy had led exports more than the exports led the economy.  More important fact is that world economic conditions play a crucial role in the macroeconomic performance. When these conditions are favorable, not only the economy but also the trade grow. Though global financial crisis did not seriously affect Pakistan’s economy, Pakistan faced multifaceted challenges on external and internal fronts notably fight against extremism, energy crisis and uncertain external inflows. There is a need to pay more attention to domestic situation than to look abroad for financial assistance since FDI is not an unmixed blessing.


1958 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Kindleberger

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takesure Taringana

This article examines coffee marketing in Zimbabwe amidst debates on the contribution of agricultural commodities to sustainable economic development in Africa. It uses the concept of linkages and declining terms-of-trade to reconnoitre these debates. The article argues that between 1980 and 2015, coffee production, and in particular marketing, faced a myriad of internal and external challenges, which limited its overall contribution to the economy. Among these constraints was the lack of a significant domestic market, which tied the sector to external markets. The externality of the coffee industry weakened the linkages between the sector and the rest of the local economy, thereby turning the sector into an enclave of external economies. This exposed the industry to risks on the international market—including price volatility. The setup perpetuated the unfair global division of labour, where Zimbabwe suffered declining terms-of-trade as an exporter of raw coffee and an importer of manufactured products. This article, therefore, contends that the externality of the coffee industry in Zimbabwe plunged the country into an exploitative dependency relationship with consuming countries. Failure to export processed coffee was mainly a function of the restrictive tariff policies in the consuming countries


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