DISPERSION MODELLING OF ATMOSPHERIC CONTAMINANTS RESULTING FROM TERRORIST ATTACKS AND ACCIDENTAL RELEASES IN URBAN AREAS

2007 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
ANA MARGARIDA COSTA ◽  
ANA ISABEL MIRANDA ◽  
CARLOS BORREGO
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Accidental Releases

Forecasting the consequences of accidental releases of radionuclides in the atmosphere from ensemble dispersion modelling

2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Galmarini ◽  
R. Bianconi ◽  
R. Bellasio ◽  
G. Graziani
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Accidental Releases

Challenges for Decision Support in Urban Disaster Scenarios

2011 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Sergio F. Ochoa ◽  
José A. Pino
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Society Today ◽  
Economical Losses

An urgent challenge confronting society today is the vulnerability of urban areas to “eXtreme” Events (XEs) (Mileti, 1999; CWR, 2002; Godschalk, 2003). These hazardous situations include natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods, as well as accidental and intentional disasters such as fires and terrorist attacks. At the global level, a total of 608 million people were affected by these disasters in 2002, out of which 24,500 died (IFRC, 2003). The economic damages to property and the environment were estimated at $27 billion dollars (IFRC, 2003). From January to October 2005, the number of people killed in disasters globally was estimated at 97,490 and the economical losses were approximately U.S. $159 billion (WHO, 2006). These significant human and economic costs emphasize the urgent need to reduce the vulnerability of urban areas to XEs (Mileti, 1999; CWR, 2002; Godschalk, 2003), improve the impact of relief team actions in these situations (NRC, 1999; NSTC, 2003), and the decision making process (Stewart, 2002; Mendonca, 2007).

scholarly journals Improving Smart Cities Safety Using Sound Events Detection Based on Deep Neural Network Algorithms

Informatics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ciaburro ◽  
Gino Iannace
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Network Algorithms ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Events Detection

In recent years, security in urban areas has gradually assumed a central position, focusing increasing attention on citizens, institutions and political forces. Security problems have a different nature—to name a few, we can think of the problems deriving from citizens’ mobility, then move on to microcrime, and end up with the ever-present risk of terrorism. Equipping a smart city with an infrastructure of sensors capable of alerting security managers about a possible risk becomes crucial for the safety of citizens. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to manage citizens’ needs is now widespread, to highlight the possible risks to public safety. These risks were then increased using these devices to carry out terrorist attacks in various places around the world. Detecting the presence of drones is not a simple procedure given the small size and the presence of only rotating parts. This study presents the results of studies carried out on the detection of the presence of UAVs in outdoor/indoor urban sound environments. For the detection of UAVs, sensors capable of measuring the sound emitted by UAVs and algorithms based on deep neural networks capable of identifying their spectral signature that were used. The results obtained suggest the adoption of this methodology for improving the safety of smart cities.

scholarly journals Chemical and radiological vulnerability assessment in urban areas

Spatium ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozidar Stojanovic ◽  
Milena Jovasevic-Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Chemical Accidents ◽  
Major Chemical

Cities and towns are faced with various types of threat from the extraordinary events involving chemical and radiological materials as exemplified by major chemical accidents, radiological incidents, fires, explosions, traffic accidents, terrorist attacks, etc. On the other hand, many sensitive or vulnerable assets exist within cities, such as: settlements, infrastructures, hospitals, schools, churches, businesses, government, and others. Besides emergency planning, the land use planning also represents an important tool for prevention or reduction of damages on people and other assets due to unwanted events. This paper considers development of method for inclusion vulnerability assessment in land use planning with objective to assess and limit the consequences in cities of likely accidents involving hazardous materials. We made preliminary assessment of criticality and vulnerability of the assets within Belgrade city area in respect to chemical sites and transportation roads that can be exposed to chemical accidents, or terrorist attacks.

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