scholarly journals How Will Conversion to Organic Cereal Production Affect Carbon Stocks in Swedish Agricultural Soils?

2008 ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olof Andrén ◽  
Thomas Kätterer ◽  
Holger Kirchmann
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Cereal Production

Repeated monitoring of organic carbon stocks after eight years reveals carbon losses from intensively managed agricultural soils in Western Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Steinmann ◽  
Gerhard Welp ◽  
Andreas Wolf ◽  
Britta Holbeck ◽  
Thomas Große-Rüschkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Carbon Losses

Carbon stocks in Swiss agricultural soils predicted by land-use, soil characteristics, and altitude

2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Leifeld ◽  
Seraina Bassin ◽  
Jürg Fuhrer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Carbon Stocks

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon stock development in chernozemic soils following agricultural abandonment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor József Novák ◽  
László Márta ◽  
Szabolcs Balogh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Regeneration Processes ◽  
Cultivated Soils

<p>Post agricultural development of traditionally intensively cultivated high fertility soils is a relevant question in surroundings of towns affected by urban sprawl, where extent areas of former cultivated soils are converted into residential, industrial or infrastructural surfaces. Part of these areas will covered by artificially sealed soils, but always extent areas remain for green areas, managed with different intensity, which allows recharge of soil organic carbon stocks and soil regeneration processes. In our study agricultural and post agricultural soils were sampled in a Chernozemic landscape affected by urbanization processes. Besides of other regeneration processes, concerning to the improvement of soil structure, we found that soil organic carbon stocks in the 0-30 cm soil layer are significantly higher in post agricultural soils (9.4±0.5 kg·m<sup>-2</sup>) as in ploughed (6.4±0.8 kg·m<sup>-2</sup>) or in ploughed plus irrigated (5.6±0.7 kg·m<sup>-2</sup>) profiles. The difference was found to be significant not only until the depth of the cultivated layer (30 cm), but until the sampled 70 cm depth throughout (17.8±0.9; 10.8±3.3 and 10.6±2.7 kg·m<sup>-2</sup> respectively). Our results point on the high carbon recovery potential of suburban areas converted from fertile cultivated soils.</p>

scholarly journals Convergent modeling of past soil organic carbon stocks but divergent projections

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 4245-4272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Luo ◽  
E. Wang ◽  
H. Zheng ◽  
J. A. Baldock ◽  
O. J. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Carbon Modeling ◽  
Carbon Composition

Abstract. Soil carbon models are important tool to understand soil carbon balance and project carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems, particularly under global change. The initialization and/or parameterization of soil carbon models can vary among studies even when the same model and dataset are used, causing potential uncertainties in projections. Although a few studies have assessed such uncertainties, it is yet unclear what these uncertainties are correlated with and how they change across varying environmental and management conditions. Here, applying a process-based biogeochemical model to 90 individual field experiments (ranging from 5 to 82 years of experimental duration) across the Australian cereal-growing regions, we demonstrated that well-designed calibration procedures enabled the model to accurately simulate changes in measured carbon stocks, but did not guarantee convergent forward projections (100 years). Major causes of the projection uncertainty were due to insufficient understanding of how microbial processes and soil carbon composition change to modulate carbon turnover. For a given site, the uncertainty significantly increased with the magnitude of future carbon input and years of the projection. Across sites, the uncertainty correlated positively with temperature, but negatively with rainfall. On average, a 331% uncertainty in projected carbon sequestration ability can be inferred in Australian agricultural soils. This uncertainty would increase further if projections were made for future warming and drying conditions. Future improvement in soil carbon modeling should focus on how microbial community and its carbon use efficiency change in response to environmental changes, better quantification of composition of soil carbon and its change, and how the soil carbon composition will affect its turnover time.

Visiting dark sides of model simulation of carbon stocks in European temperate agricultural soils: allometric function and model initialization

2020 ◽  
Vol 450 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi ◽  
Wen-Feng Cong ◽  
Jørgen Eriksen ◽  
Jochen Mayer ◽  
Jørgen E. Olesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Model Initialization

Organic carbon stocks in agricultural soils in Ireland using combined empirical and GIS approaches

Geoderma ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 222-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Khalil ◽  
G. Kiely ◽  
P. O'Brien ◽  
C. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Carbon Stocks

What do carbon fractions and C:N ratios tell us about the origin of carbon in German agricultural soils?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schneider ◽  
Axel Don
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Depth Gradients

<p>Agricultural soils in Germany store about 2.5 Pg (1 Pg = 10<sup>15</sup> g) of organic carbon in 0-100 cm depth. If this carbon was all powdered charcoal, it would fill a train with 61 million carriages, extending 2.5 times the distance to the moon. This study aimed at better understanding the origin of the organic carbon contained in mineral soils under agricultural use. For this, total organic carbon (TOC), C:N ratios and particulate organic carbon (POC) of 2,939 crop- and grassland sites scattered in a 8x8 km grid across Germany were evaluated. RandomForest algorithms were trained to predict TOC, C:N, POC and their respective depth gradients down to 100 cm based on pedology, geology, climate, land-use and management data. The data originated from the first German Agricultural Soil Inventory, which was completed in 2018, comprising 14,420 mineral soil samples and 36,163 years of reported management.</p><p>In 0-10 cm, land-use and/or texture were the major drivers for TOC, C:N and POC. At larger depths, the effect of current land-use vanished while soil texture remained important. Additionally, with increasing depth, soil parent materials and/or pedogenic processes gained in importance for explaining TOC, C:N and POC. Colluvial material, buried topsoil, fluvio-marine deposits and loess showed significantly higher TOC and POC contents and a higher C:N ratios than soil that developed from other parent material. Also, Podzols and Chernozems showed significantly higher TOC and POC contents and a higher C:N ratio in the subsoil than other soil types at similar depths because of illuvial organic matter deposits and bioturbation, respectively. In 30-70 cm depth, many sandy sites in north-western Germany showed TOC, POC and C:N values above average, which was a legacy of historic peat- and heathland cover. The depth gradients of TOC, POC and C:N showed only little dependence on soil texture suggesting that they were robust towards differences in carbon stabilization due to organo-mineral associations. Instead, these depth gradients were largely driven by land-use (redistribution of carbon in cropland by ploughing) and variables describing historic carbon inputs (e.g. information on topsoil burial). Hardpans with packing densities > 1.75 g cm<sup>-3</sup> intensified the depth gradients of TOC, POC and C:N significantly, suggesting that such densely packed layers restricted the elongation of deep roots and therefore reduced organic carbon inputs into the subsoil.</p><p>Today’s soil organic carbon stocks reflect past organic carbon inputs. Considering that in 0-10 cm, current land-use superseded the effect of past land-cover on TOC while land-use showed no effect on POC and C:N, we conclude that topsoil carbon stocks derived from relatively recent carbon inputs (< 100 years) with high turnover. In the subsoil, however, most carbon originated from the soil parent material or was translocated from the topsoil during soil formation. High C:N ratios and POC content of buried topsoils confirm low turnover rates of subsoil carbon. The contribution of recent, root-derived carbon inputs to subsoils was small but significant. Loosening of wide-spread hardpans could facilitate deeper rooting and increase carbon stocks along with crop yield.</p>

scholarly journals From Farms to Forests: Landscape Carbon Balance after 50 Years of Afforestation, Harvesting, and Prescribed Fire

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug P. Aubrey ◽  
John I. Blake ◽  
Stan J. Zarnoch
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Forest Inventories

Establishing reliable carbon baselines for landowners desiring to sustain carbon sequestration and identify opportunities to mitigate land management impacts on carbon balance is important; however, national and regional assessments are not designed to support individual landowners. Such baselines become increasingly valuable when landowners convert land use, change management, or when disturbance occurs. We used forest inventories to quantify carbon stocks, estimate annual carbon fluxes, and determine net biome production (NBP) over a 50-year period coinciding with a massive afforestation effort across ~80,000 ha of land in the South Carolina Coastal Plain. Forested land increased from 48,714 ha to 73,824 ha between 1951 and 2001. Total forest biomass increased from 1.73–3.03 Gg to 17.8–18.3 Gg, corresponding to biomass density increases from 35.6–62.2 Mg ha−1 to 231.4–240.0 Mg ha−1. Harvesting removed 1340.3 Gg C between 1955 and 2001, but annual removals were variable. Fire consumed 527.1 Gg C between 1952 and 2001. Carbon exported by streams was <0.5% of total export. Carbon from roots and other harvested material that remained in-use or in landfills comprised 49.3% of total harvested carbon. Mineral soil carbon accounted for 41.6 to 50% of 2001 carbon stocks when considering depths of 1.0 or 1.5 m, respectively, and was disproportionately concentrated in wetlands. Moreover, we identified a soil carbon deficit of 19–20 Mg C ha−1, suggesting opportunities for future soil carbon sequestration in post-agricultural soils. Our results provide a robust baseline for this site that can be used to understand how land conversion, forest management, and disturbance impacts carbon balance of this landscape and highlight the value of these baseline data for other sites. Our work also identifies the need to manage forests for multiple purposes, especially promotion of soil carbon accumulation in low-density pine savannas that are managed for red-cockaded woodpeckers and therefore demand low aboveground carbon stocks.

Factors controlling the variation in organic carbon stocks in agricultural soils of Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora Vos ◽  
Axel Don ◽  
Eleanor U. Hobley ◽  
Roland Prietz ◽  
Arne Heidkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Carbon Stocks
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