Embryonic Development of the Spinal Cord and Associated Disorders

1992 ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
M. J. Noronha
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Embryonic Development

Multiple developmental defects in Engrailed-1 mutant mice: an early mid-hindbrain deletion and patterning defects in forelimbs and sternum

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 2065-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wurst ◽  
A.B. Auerbach ◽  
A.L. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Targeted Deletion ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Cell

During mouse development, the homeobox-containing gene En-1 is specifically expressed across the mid-hindbrain junction, the ventral ectoderm of the limb buds, and in regions of the hindbrain, spinal cord, somites and somite-derived tissues. To address the function of En-1 during embryogenesis, we have generated mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of the En-1 homeobox. En-1 mutant mice died shortly after birth and exhibited multiple developmental defects. In the brains of newborn mutants, most of the colliculi and cerebellum were missing and the third and fourth cranial nerves were absent. A deletion of midhindbrain tissue was observed as early as 9.5 days of embryonic development and the phenotype resembles that previously reported for Wnt-1 mutant mice. In addition, patterning of the forelimb paws and sternum was disrupted, and the 13th ribs were truncated. The results of these studies suggest a cell autonomous role for En-1 in generation and/or survival of mid-hindbrain precursor cells and also a non-cell autonomous role in signalling normal development of the limbs and possibly sternum.

Analysis of the change in number of serotonergic neurons in the chick spinal cord during embryonic development

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Wallace ◽  
Permelia C. Allgood ◽  
Thomas J. Hoffman ◽  
Richard M. Mondragon ◽  
Rolanda R. Maez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Serotonergic Neurons ◽  
Chick Spinal Cord

scholarly journals EARLY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAMEL LUMBAR SPINAL CORD SEGMENT

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (106) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M.E. ABD ELMONEM ◽  
SALMA A. MOHAMED ◽  
K.H. ALY
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

scholarly journals Hmx3a has essential functions in zebrafish spinal cord, ear and lateral line development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. England ◽  
Gustavo A. Cerda ◽  
Angelica Kowalchuk ◽  
Taylor Sorice ◽  
Ginny Grieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Dna Binding Domain ◽  
Spinal Cord Development ◽  
Spinal Interneuron ◽  
Sensory Structures

AbstractTranscription factors that contain a homeodomain DNA-binding domain have crucial functions in most aspects of cellular function and embryonic development in both animals and plants. Hmx proteins are a sub-family of NK homeodomain-containing proteins that have fundamental roles in development of sensory structures such as the eye and the ear. However, Hmx functions in spinal cord development have not been analyzed. Here we show that zebrafish (Danio rerio) hmx2 and hmx3a are co-expressed in spinal dI2 and V1 interneurons, whereas hmx3b, hmx1 and hmx4 are not expressed in spinal cord. Using mutational analyses, we demonstrate that, in addition to its previously reported role in ear development, hmx3a is required for correct specification of a subset of spinal interneuron neurotransmitter phenotypes, as well as correct lateral line progression and survival to adulthood. Surprisingly, despite similar expression patterns of hmx2 and hmx3a during embryonic development, zebrafish hmx2 mutants are viable and have no obviously abnormal phenotypes in sensory structures or neurons that require hmx3a. In addition, embryos homozygous for deletions of both hmx2 and hmx3a have identical phenotypes to severe hmx3a single mutants. However, mutating hmx2 in hypomorphic hmx3a mutants that usually develop normally, results in abnormal ear and lateral line phenotypes. This suggests that while hmx2 cannot compensate for loss of hmx3a, it does function in these developmental processes, although to a much lesser extent than hmx3a. More surprisingly, our mutational analyses suggest that Hmx3a may not require its homeodomain DNA-binding domain for its roles in viability or embryonic development.

Transection of the Spinal Cord in Developing Xenopus Laevis

Development ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
R. T. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Development Proceeds

The literature on regeneration in the central nervous system of vertebrates has been reviewed exhaustively by Windle (1955, 1956). Adult fish and urodeles reestablish physiological and anatomical continuity of the spinal cord after it has been completely transected while adult anurans (Piatt & Piatt, 1958) and mammals on the whole do not. In all groups of vertebrates regeneration is more successful in the period of early embryonic development, and becomes less so as development proceeds. Experiments designed to investigate the factors responsible for this change demand an animal in which the difference in the regenerative capacity of embryonic and adult form is marked, and all stages of development are easily accessible for operative procedures. These criteria are satisfied by Anura. For this reason regeneration in the anuran central nervous system merits further investigation. After spinal cord transection in urodele larvae, Piatt (1955) found that the Mauthner axons did not regenerate although other axons around them did.

scholarly journals Cytochemistry of Ca2+-ATPase activity in the rat spinal cord during embryonic development.

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKAFUMI YOSHIOKA ◽  
KENICHIROU INOMATA ◽  
OSAMU TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord
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