Structure and Function of the Nuclear Receptor Superfamily for Steroid, Thyroid Hormone and Retinoic Acid

1990 ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Giguère
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Superfamily ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Estrogen-related Receptor β (ERRβ) – Renaissance Receptor or Receptor Renaissance?

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. nrs.14002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailaja D. Divekar ◽  
Deanna M. Tiek ◽  
Aileen Fernandez ◽  
Rebecca B. Riggins
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orphan Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Superfamily ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Estrogen Related Receptor

Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are founding members of the orphan nuclear receptor (ONR) subgroup of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Twenty-seven years of study have yet to identify cognate ligands for the ERRs, though they have firmly placed ERRα (ESRRA) and ERRγ (ESRRG) at the intersection of cellular metabolism and oncogenesis. The pace of discovery for novel functions of ERRβ (ESRRB), however, has until recently been somewhat slower than that of its family members. ERRβ has also been largely ignored in summaries and perspectives of the ONR literature. Here, we provide an overview of established and emerging knowledge of ERRβ in mouse, man, and other species, highlighting unique aspects of ERRβ biology that set it apart from the other two estrogen-related receptors, with a focus on the impact of alternative splicing on the structure and function of this receptor.

scholarly journals Structure and Function of the Nuclear Receptor Superfamily and Current Targeted Therapies of Prostate Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baylee A. Porter ◽  
Maria A. Ortiz ◽  
Gennady Bratslavsky ◽  
Leszek Kotula
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Functional Difference ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Superfamily ◽  
Functional Regulation ◽  
And Function

The nuclear receptor superfamily comprises a large group of proteins with functions essential for cell signaling, survival, and proliferation. There are multiple distinctions between nuclear superfamily classes defined by hallmark differences in function, ligand binding, tissue specificity, and DNA binding. In this review, we utilize the initial classification system, which defines subfamilies based on structure and functional difference. The defining feature of the nuclear receptor superfamily is that these proteins function as transcription factors. The loss of transcriptional regulation or gain of functioning of these receptors is a hallmark in numerous diseases. For example, in prostate cancer, the androgen receptor is a primary target for current prostate cancer therapies. Targeted cancer therapies for nuclear hormone receptors have been more feasible to develop than others due to the ligand availability and cell permeability of hormones. To better target these receptors, it is critical to understand their structural and functional regulation. Given that late-stage cancers often develop hormone insensitivity, we will explore the strengths and pitfalls of targeting other transcription factors outside of the nuclear receptor superfamily such as the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT).

scholarly journals All-trans Retinoic Acid Improves Structure and Function of Diabetic Rat Skin in Organ Culture

Diabetes ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 3510-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Varani ◽  
P. Perone ◽  
M. G. Merfert ◽  
S. E. Moon ◽  
D. Larkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Novel Mechanism of Nuclear Receptor Corepressor Interaction Dictated by Activation Function 2 Helix Determinants

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 6831-6841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna N. Moraitis ◽  
Vincent Giguère ◽  
Catherine C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Ligand Binding Domain ◽  
Cerebellar Development ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Corepressor

ABSTRACT Transcriptional regulation by nuclear receptors is controlled by the concerted action of coactivator and corepressor proteins. The product of the thyroid hormone-regulated mammalian gene hairless (Hr) was recently shown to function as a thyroid hormone receptor corepressor. Here we report that Hr acts as a potent repressor of transcriptional activation by RORα, an orphan nuclear receptor essential for cerebellar development. In contrast to other corepressor-nuclear receptor interactions, Hr binding to RORα is mediated by two LXXLL-containing motifs, a mechanism associated with coactivator interaction. Mutagenesis of conserved amino acids in the ligand binding domain indicates that RORα activity is ligand-dependent, suggesting that corepressor activity is maintained in the presence of ligand. Despite similar recognition helices shared with coactivators, Hr does not compete for the same molecular determinants at the surface of the RORα ligand binding domain, indicating that Hr-mediated repression is not simply through displacement of coactivators. Remarkably, the specificity of Hr corepressor action can be transferred to a retinoic acid receptor by exchanging the activation function 2 (AF-2) helix. Repression of the chimeric receptor is observed in the presence of retinoic acid, demonstrating that in this context, Hr is indeed a ligand-oblivious nuclear receptor corepressor. These results suggest a novel molecular mechanism for corepressor action and demonstrate that the AF-2 helix can play a dynamic role in controlling corepressor as well as coactivator interactions. The interaction of Hr with RORα provides direct evidence for the convergence of thyroid hormone and RORα-mediated pathways in cerebellar development.

scholarly journals OR-1, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that interacts with the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor.

1995 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 2096-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teboul ◽  
E. Enmark ◽  
Q. Li ◽  
A. C. Wikstrom ◽  
M. Pelto-Huikko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Superfamily ◽  
Acid Receptor

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Levels Within Reference Range Are Associated with Heart Rate, Cardiac Structure, and Function in Middle-Aged Men and Women

Thyroid ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greet L. Roef ◽  
Youri E. Taes ◽  
Jean-Marc Kaufman ◽  
Caroline M. Van Daele ◽  
Marc L. De Buyzere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function
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