Regulation of Reproductive Behaviors

1987 ◽  
pp. 505-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behaviors

Alternative Male Reproductive Behaviors

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Cade
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behaviors

scholarly journals Brain Levels of Prostaglandins, Endocannabinoids, and Related Lipids Are Affected by Mating Strategies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordyn M. Stuart ◽  
Jason J. Paris ◽  
Cheryl Frye ◽  
Heather B. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Endogenous Cannabinoids ◽  
The Brain

Background. Endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs) are involved in the development and regulation of reproductive behaviors. Likewise, prostaglandins (PGs) drive sexual differentiation and initiation of ovulation. Here, we use lipidomics strategies to test the hypotheses that mating immediately activates the biosynthesis and/or metabolism of eCBs and PGs and that specific mating strategies differentially regulate these lipids in the brain.Methods. Lipid extractions and tandem mass spectrometric analysis were performed on brains from proestrous rats that had experienced one of two mating strategies (paced or standard mating) and two nonmated groups (chamber exposed and home cage controls). Levels of PGs (PGE2 and PGF2alpha), eCBs (AEA and 2-AG,N-arachidonoyl glycine), and 4 related lipids (4N-acylethanolamides) were measured in olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, midbrain, cerebellum, and brainstem.Results. Overall, levels of these lipids were significantly lower among paced compared to standard mated rats with the most dramatic decreases observed in brainstem, hippocampus, midbrain, and striatum. However, chamber exposed rats had significantly higher levels of these lipids compared to home cage controls and paced mated wherein the hippocampus showed the largest increases.Conclusions. These data demonstrate that mating strategies and exposure to mating arenas influence lipid signaling in the brain.

scholarly journals Serotonin Regulates the Feeding and Reproductive Behaviors of Pratylenchus penetrans

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 872-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziduan Han ◽  
Stephanie Boas ◽  
Nathan E. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The success of all plant-parasitic nematodes is dependent on the completion of several complex behaviors. The lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans is an economically important parasite of a diverse range of plant hosts. Unlike the cyst and root-knot nematodes, P. penetrans moves both within and outside of the host roots and can feed from both locations. Adult females of P. penetrans require insemination by actively moving males for reproduction and can lay eggs both within and outside of the host roots. We do not have a complete understanding of the molecular basis for these behaviors. One candidate modulator of these behaviors is the neurotransmitter serotonin. Previous research demonstrated an effect of exogenously applied serotonin on the feeding and male mating behaviors of cyst and root-knot nematodes. However, there are no data on the role of exogenous serotonin on lesion nematodes. Similarly, there are no data on the presence and function of endogenous serotonin in any plant-parasitic nematode. Here, we establish that exogenous serotonin applied to P. penetrans regulates both feeding and sex-specific behaviors. Furthermore, using immunohistochemistry and pharmacological assays, our data suggest that P. penetrans utilizes endogenous serotonin to regulate both feeding and sex-specific behaviors.

scholarly journals Dependance of paternity rates on alternative reproductive behaviors in the squid Loligo bleekeri

2005 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Iwata ◽  
H Munehara ◽  
Y Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behaviors

scholarly journals Investigation of Drosophila fruitless neurons that express Dpr/DIP cell adhesion molecules

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savannah G Brovero ◽  
Julia C Fortier ◽  
Hongru Hu ◽  
Pamela C Lovejoy ◽  
Nicole R Newell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Small Set

Drosophila reproductive behaviors are directed by fruitless neurons. A reanalysis of genomic studies shows that genes encoding dpr and DIP Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) members are expressed in fru P1 neurons. We find that each fru P1 and dpr/DIP (fru P1 ∩ dpr/DIP) overlapping expression pattern is similar in both sexes, but there are dimorphisms in neuronal morphology and cell number. Behavioral studies of fru P1 ∩ dpr/DIP perturbation genotypes indicates that the mushroom body functions together with the lateral protocerebral complex to direct courtship behavior. A single-cell RNA-seq analysis of fru P1 neurons shows that many DIPs have high expression in a small set of neurons, whereas the dprs are often expressed in a larger set of neurons at intermediate levels, with a myriad of dpr/DIP expression combinations. Functionally, we find that perturbations of sex hierarchy genes and of DIP-ε change the sex-specific morphologies of fru P1 ∩ DIP-α neurons.

scholarly journals Balancing selection maintains polymorphisms at neurogenetic loci in field experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (14) ◽  
pp. 3690-3695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eija Lonn ◽  
Esa Koskela ◽  
Tapio Mappes ◽  
Mikael Mokkonen ◽  
Angela M. Sims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Sexual Antagonism ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors

Most variation in behavior has a genetic basis, but the processes determining the level of diversity at behavioral loci are largely unknown for natural populations. Expression of arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (Avpr1a) and oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) in specific regions of the brain regulates diverse social and reproductive behaviors in mammals, including humans. That these genes have important fitness consequences and that natural populations contain extensive diversity at these loci implies the action of balancing selection. In Myodes glareolus, Avpr1a and Oxtr each contain a polymorphic microsatellite locus located in their 5′ regulatory region (the regulatory region-associated microsatellite, RRAM) that likely regulates gene expression. To test the hypothesis that balancing selection maintains diversity at behavioral loci, we released artificially bred females and males with different RRAM allele lengths into field enclosures that differed in population density. The length of Avpr1a and Oxtr RRAMs was associated with reproductive success, but population density and the sex interacted to determine the optimal genotype. In general, longer Avpr1a RRAMs were more beneficial for males, and shorter RRAMs were more beneficial for females; the opposite was true for Oxtr RRAMs. Moreover, Avpr1a RRAM allele length is correlated with the reproductive success of the sexes during different phases of reproduction; for males, RRAM length correlated with the numbers of newborn offspring, but for females selection was evident on the number of weaned offspring. This report of density-dependence and sexual antagonism acting on loci within the arginine vasopressin–oxytocin pathway explains how genetic diversity at Avpr1a and Oxtr could be maintained in natural populations.

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