Ovarian Cancer Screening and Early Detection in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2013 ◽  
pp. 125-148
Author(s):  
Trevor Tejada-Bergés ◽  
Edward L. Trimble ◽  
Mahesh K. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Screening ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Developing a Breast Cancer Screening Program in Nigeria: Evaluating Current Practices, Perceptions, and Possible Barriers

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olalekan Olasehinde ◽  
Carla Boutin-Foster ◽  
Olusegun I. Alatise ◽  
Adewale O. Adisa ◽  
Oladejo O. Lawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Purpose In low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria, women present with advanced breast cancer at an earlier age. Given the limited resources, development of screening programs that parallel resource capabilities of low- and middle-income countries is imperative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perceptions, practices, and barriers regarding clinical breast examination (CBE) screening in a low-income community in Nigeria. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional survey of women age 40 years or older in Ife, Nigeria, using multistaged sampling was performed. Information on sociodemographics, knowledge of breast cancer, screening practices, and willingness to participate in CBE screening was obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results A total of 1,169 women whose ages ranged from 40 to 86 years (mean age, 47.7 years; standard deviation, 8.79 years) were interviewed. The majority of women (94%) knew about breast cancer, whereas 27.5% knew someone who had had breast cancer, the majority of whom (64.5%) had died of the disease. Of the 36% of women who had breast screening recommended to them, only 19.7% had an actual CBE. Of these, only 6% had it in the last year. The majority of women (65.4%) were willing to have regular CBEs and did not care about the sex of the examiner in most instances. Lack of perceived need was the reason cited by women unwilling to participate. Conclusion The majority of women were aware of breast cancer and knew it as a fatal disease. With the relatively encouraging number of those willing to be examined, a carefully designed CBE program coupled with advocacy to correct uneducated beliefs seems promising.

scholarly journals Early Detection of CKD: Implications for Low-Income, Middle-Income, and High-Income Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1931-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Tonelli ◽  
James A. Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
High Income ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Low And Middle Income

CKD is common, costly, and associated with adverse health outcomes. Because inexpensive treatments can slow the rate of kidney function loss, and because CKD is asymptomatic until its later stages, the idea of early detection of CKD to improve outcomes ignites enthusiasm, especially in low- and middle-income countries where renal replacement is often unavailable or unaffordable. Available data and prior experience suggest that the benefits of population-based screening for CKD are uncertain; that there is potential for harms; that screening is not a wise use of resources, even in high-income countries; and that screening has substantial opportunity costs in low- and middle-income countries that offset its hypothesized benefits. In contrast, some of the factors that diminish the value of population-based screening (such as markedly higher prevalence of CKD in people with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, as well as high preexisting use of kidney testing in such patients) substantially increase the appeal of searching for CKD in people with known kidney risk factors (case finding) in high-income countries as well as in low- and middle-income countries. For both screening and case finding, detection of new cases is the easiest component; the real challenge is ensuring appropriate management for a chronic disease, usually for years or even decades. This review compares and contrasts the benefits, harms, and opportunity costs associated with these two approaches to early detection of CKD. We also suggest criteria (discussed separately for high-income countries and for low- and middle-income countries) to use in assessing when countries should consider case finding versus when they should consider foregoing systematic attempts at early detection and focus on management of known cases.

scholarly journals Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies for Early Detection of Breast and Cervical Cancers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. DiCarlo ◽  
Sricharan Gopakumar ◽  
Preet K. Dhillon ◽  
Suneeta Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Cervical Cancers ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Purpose In response to the growing burden of breast and cervical cancers, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are beginning to implement national cancer prevention programs. We reviewed the literature on information and communication technology (ICT) applications in the prevention of breast and cervical cancers in LMICs to examine their potential to enhance cancer prevention efforts. Methods Ten databases of peer-reviewed and gray literature were searched using an automated strategy for English-language articles on the use of mobile health (mHealth) and telemedicine in breast and cervical cancer prevention (screening and early detection) published between 2005 and 2015. Articles that described the rationale for using these ICTs and/or implementation experiences (successes, challenges, and outcomes) were reviewed. Bibliographies of articles that matched the eligibility criteria were reviewed to identify additional relevant references. Results Of the initial 285 citations identified, eight met the inclusion criteria. Of these, four used primary data, two were overviews of ICT applications, and two were commentaries. Articles described the potential for mHealth and telemedicine to address both demand- and supply-side challenges to cancer prevention, such as awareness, access, and cost, in LMICs. However, there was a dearth of evidence to support these hypotheses. Conclusion This review indicates that there are few publications that reflect specifically on the role of mHealth and telemedicine in cancer prevention and even fewer that describe or evaluate interventions. Although articles suggest that mHealth and telemedicine can enhance the implementation and use of cancer prevention interventions, more evidence is needed.

Clinical trial to implementation: Cost and effectiveness considerations for scaling up cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujha Subramanian ◽  
Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Pulikkottil Okkuru Esmy ◽  
Jissa Vinoda Thulaseedharan ◽  
Rajaraman Swaminathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Implementation Cost ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals The challenges of implementing low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries

Nature Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 1140-1152
Author(s):  
Eduardo Edelman Saul ◽  
Raquel B. Guerra ◽  
Michelle Edelman Saul ◽  
Laercio Lopes da Silva ◽  
Gabriel F. P. Aleixo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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