A Proposal for International Virtual Water Trading Council: Building Institutional Frameworks at International Level to Reduce Poverty

Technology has become the new central factor in the debate about development. The means to achieve development (which, it is assumed, must necessarily be in the image of a few industrialized countries, whether of the West or the East) is conceptualized simply as the transfer of technology, regardless of the certain mismatch between imported, culturally determined, technology and the historically given structural and institutional frameworks of the importing societies. On the international level, transferred technology tends to create dependency; on the national level, it leads to distortions and undesirable developments. This paper explicates the relationship between technology and social systems, and discusses its implications for development strategies.

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Virtual water

Water Resources: Future Perspectives, Challenges, Concepts and Necessities ◽

10.2166/9781789062144_0131 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 131-150

Author(s):

Mohammad Delpasand ◽

Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽

Erfan Goharian

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Human Life ◽

Virtual Water ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Unequal Distribution ◽

Water Scarce ◽

Near Future ◽

Pressure On Water Resources ◽

Virtual Water Trading

Abstract In many regions of the world, water scarcity has created numerous problems for the supply of domestic water use, agricultural production, and for the human life cycle in general. Perhaps in the near future water will be synonymous with gold. Over the past two decades, the virtual water concept has become known as a mitigating water scarcity crisis solution which can balance the unequal distribution of world water resources. Virtual water is the amount of water that a product consumes in a production process from start to end. Developers of the virtual water idea believe that by exporting and importing commodities, large volumes of water can be traded which is referred to as virtual water trading. In the theory of virtual water trade, in order to reduce the pressure on water resources, it is recommended that water-scarce countries import products instead of producing them from internal water sources and allocate these water resources for other lucrative business activities. Therefore, in this chapter, the virtual water concept and its specifications and evaluations are fully explained.

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KONSEP AIR VIRTUAL (VIRTUAL WATER CONCEPT)

Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca ◽

10.29122/jstmc.v12i1.2187 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Budi Harsoyo

Keyword(s):

Water Conservation ◽

Virtual Water ◽

Water Crisis ◽

Conservation Movement ◽

Water Trading ◽

The World ◽

Water Based ◽

International Water ◽

Water Surplus ◽

Definition Of

Munculnya konsep air virtual berasal dari kesadaran tentang menipisnya persediaanair dari dunia saat ini yang mengharuskan kita untuk mulai memikirkan cara-cara untukmenghemat air. Konsep yang telah mengungkapkan realitas paradoks transfer air daridaerah surplus ke daerah air krisis air secara virtual telah diterapkan oleh beberapanegara yang mulai mengalami kelangkaan air saat ini dalam kegiatan perdaganganinternasional. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk meninjau konsep air virtual, berdasarkanreview beberapa makalah dan artikel yang berhubungan dengan tema terkait. Makalahini juga menjelaskan tentang definisi air virtual, bagaimana cara menghitungnya,dan signifikansi konsep ini dalam kaitannya dengan perdagangan internasional danpergerakan air konservasi air secara global.The emergence of virtual water concept originated from the awareness about thedepletion of water supplies from the world today that require us to begin to think of waysto save the water. The concept which has revealed the reality of paradoxical transfer ofwater from water surplus areas to water crisis areas in virtual has been applied by somecountries that began experiencing water scarcity is currently in its international tradeactivities. This paper aims to review the concept of virtual water, based on a review ofseveral papers and articles dealing with related themes. This paper also explained about the definition of virtual water, how is it calculated, and the significance of this concept in relation to international water trading and water conservation movement globally.

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