Diverse Genetic Regulatory Elements are Required to Direct the Proper Tissue-Specific and Developmental Expression of the Murine Adenosine Deaminase Gene

1995 ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Winston ◽  
Lyhna Hong ◽  
Simon Akroyd ◽  
Gerri Hanten ◽  
Katrina Waymire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific

scholarly journals Ksp-cadherin gene promoter. II. Kidney-specific activity in transgenic mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (4) ◽  
pp. F599-F610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Igarashi ◽  
Cooduvalli S. Shashikant ◽  
R. Brent Thomson ◽  
Dilys A. Whyte ◽  
Shuxian Liu-Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific

Kidney-specific cadherin (Ksp-cadherin, cadherin 16) is a tissue-specific member of the cadherin superfamily that is expressed exclusively in the basolateral membrane of tubular epithelial cells in the kidney. To determine the basis for tissue-specific expression of Ksp-cadherin in vivo, we evaluated the activity of the promoter in transgenic mice. Transgenic mice containing 3.3 kb of the mouse Ksp-cadherin promoter and an Escherichia coli lacZ reporter gene were generated by pronuclear microinjection. Assays of β-galactosidase enzyme activity showed that the transgene was expressed exclusively in the kidney in both adult and developing mice. Within the kidney, the transgene was expressed in a subset of renal tubular epithelial cells that endogenously expressed Ksp-cadherin and that were identified as collecting ducts by colabeling with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin. In the developing metanephros, expression of the transgene in the branching ureteric bud correlated with the developmental expression of Ksp-cadherin. Identical patterns of expression were observed in multiple founder mice, indicating that kidney specificity was independent of transgene integration site. However, heterocellular expression was observed consistent with repeat-induced gene silencing. We conclude that the Ksp-cadherin gene promoter directs kidney-specific expression in vivo. Regulatory elements that are sufficient to recapitulate the tissue- and differentiation-specific expression of Ksp-cadherin in the renal collecting duct are located within 3.3 kb upstream to the transcriptional start site.

scholarly journals Tissue-specific developmental expression of the kallikrein gene family in the rat.

1990 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. 1077-1081
Author(s):  
J A Clements ◽  
B A Matheson ◽  
J W Funder
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific

scholarly journals Tissue‐specific regulatory elements in mammalian promoters

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D Smith ◽  
Pavel Sumazin ◽  
Michael Q Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Tissue Specific

Delimiting regulatory sequences of the Drosophila melanogaster Ddc gene

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4548-4557
Author(s):  
J Hirsh ◽  
B A Morgan ◽  
S B Scholnick
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
P Element ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Flanking Sequences

We delimited sequences necessary for in vivo expression of the Drosophila melanogaster dopa decarboxylase gene Ddc. The expression of in vitro-altered genes was assayed following germ line integration via P-element vectors. Sequences between -209 and -24 were necessary for normally regulated expression, although genes lacking these sequences could be expressed at 10 to 50% of wild-type levels at specific developmental times. These genes showed components of normal developmental expression, which suggests that they retain some regulatory elements. All Ddc genes lacking the normal immediate 5'-flanking sequences were grossly deficient in larval central nervous system expression. Thus, this upstream region must contain at least one element necessary for this expression. A mutated Ddc gene without a normal TATA boxlike sequence used the normal RNA start points, indicating that this sequences is not required for start point specificity.

Tissue-specific and developmental expression of human transthyretin gene in transgenic mice

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-Ichi Yamamura ◽  
Shoji Wakasugi ◽  
Shuichiro Maeda ◽  
Takeaki Inomoto ◽  
Tomohisa Iwanaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific

Regulation of expression of a sheep metallothionein 1a-sheep growth hormone fusion gene in transgenic mice

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 5473-5479
Author(s):  
C M Shanahan ◽  
N W Rigby ◽  
J D Murray ◽  
J T Marshall ◽  
C A Townrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Transgenic Livestock ◽  
Main Regulator

Transgenic mice containing a sheep metallothionein 1a-sheep growth hormone fusion gene exhibited low, tissue-specific basal levels of transgene mRNA expression, resulting in slightly elevated levels of circulating growth hormone that did not lead to a detectable increase in growth. After zinc stimulation, high levels of transgene mRNA expression were induced in a number of tissues; these levels correlated with increased levels of circulating growth hormone, resulting in growth increases of up to 1.5 times the levels of controls and unstimulated transgenic mice. After removal of the zinc stimulus, transgene expression and circulating growth hormone concentrations returned to basal levels. Additional evidence from the pattern of developmental expression of the transgene suggests that zinc is the main regulator of this promoter in mice. The demonstrated regulation and low basal level of expression of the sheep metallothionein 1a promoter make it a candidate for use in other mouse transgenic studies and for use in transgenic livestock, in which regulation of expression is essential.

scholarly journals Tissue-specific sex differences in human gene expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (17) ◽  
pp. 2976-2986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfahan Kassam ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Peter M Visscher ◽  
Allan F McRae
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Significance Threshold ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Causal Variants ◽  
Similar Distance

Abstract Despite extensive sex differences in human complex traits and disease, the male and female genomes differ only in the sex chromosomes. This implies that most sex-differentiated traits are the result of differences in the expression of genes that are common to both sexes. While sex differences in gene expression have been observed in a range of different tissues, the biological mechanisms for tissue-specific sex differences (TSSDs) in gene expression are not well understood. A total of 30 640 autosomal and 1021 X-linked transcripts were tested for heterogeneity in sex difference effect sizes in n = 617 individuals across 40 tissue types in Genotype–Tissue Expression (GTEx). This identified 65 autosomal and 66 X-linked TSSD transcripts (corresponding to unique genes) at a stringent significance threshold. Results for X-linked TSSD transcripts showed mainly concordant direction of sex differences across tissues and replicate previous findings. Autosomal TSSD transcripts had mainly discordant direction of sex differences across tissues. The top cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) across tissues for autosomal TSSD transcripts are located a similar distance away from the nearest androgen and estrogen binding motifs and the nearest enhancer, as compared to cis-eQTLs for transcripts with stable sex differences in gene expression across tissue types. Enhancer regions that overlap top cis-eQTLs for TSSD transcripts, however, were found to be more dispersed across tissues. These observations suggest that androgen and estrogen regulatory elements in a cis region may play a common role in sex differences in gene expression, but TSSD in gene expression may additionally be due to causal variants located in tissue-specific enhancer regions.

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