The Immune Response in Protein-Energy Malnutrition and Single Nutrient Deficiencies

1993 ◽  
pp. 121-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solo Kuvibidila ◽  
Lolie Yu ◽  
David Ode ◽  
Raj P. Warrier
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Protein Energy

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Participating and Non-participating Pupils in the Ghana School Feeding Programme

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Danquah ◽  
A. N. Amoah ◽  
M. Steiner-Asiedu ◽  
C. Opare-Obisaw
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Better Than

The Ghana Demographic Health Survey indicates that the major nutritional challenges in Ghana among school children are protein-energy malnutrition and micro-nutrient deficiencies. School Feeding Programmes are one of the main interventions addressing malnutrition and its related effects on children’s health and education. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of Ghana School Feeding Programme on nutritional status of school children in Atwima-Nwabiagya District of Ashanti Region, Ghana. A total of 234 pupils between 9 and 17 years of age, comprising 114 participants and 120 non-participants from three participating and three non-participating schools, respectively, with similar characteristics, took part in the study. It was hypothesized that the nutritional status of participants was better than that of non-participants. Results did not indicate any association between the school lunch and nutritional status. There was no statistically significant difference in the nutritional status of participants and non-participants. The programme did not impact the nutritional status of participants.

scholarly journals Sorghum–Insect Composites for Healthier Cookies: Nutritional, Functional, and Technological Evaluation

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Temitope D. Awobusuyi ◽  
Muthulisi Siwela ◽  
Kirthee Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Substitution Level ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Spread Factor

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major health concern in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Relying on unexploited and regionally available rich sources of proteins such as insects and sorghum might contribute towards addressing PEM among at-risk populations. Insects are high in nutrients, especially protein, and are abundant in SSA. Sorghum is adapted to the tropical areas of SSA and as such it is an appropriate source of energy compared with temperate cereals like wheat. It is necessary to assess whether cookies fortified with sorghum and termite would be suitable for use in addressing PEM in SSA. Whole grain sorghum meal and termite meal were mixed at a 3:1 ratio (w/w sorghum:termite) to form a sorghum–termite meal blend. Composite cookies were prepared where the sorghum–termite blend partially substituted wheat flour at 20%, 40%, and 60% (sorghum–termite blend:wheat flour (w/w). The functional and nutritional qualities of the cookies were assessed. Compared with the control (100% wheat flour), the cookies fortified with sorghum and termite had about double the quantity of protein, minerals, and amino acids. However, with increased substitution level of the sorghum–termite blend, the spread factor of the cookies decreased. There is a potential to incorporate sorghum and termite in cookies for increased intake of several nutrients by communities that are vulnerable to nutrient deficiencies, especially PEM.

Protein-energy malnutrition decreases immune response toLeishmania chagasivaccine in BALB/c mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. MALAFAIA ◽  
T. D. SERAFIM ◽  
M. E. SILVA ◽  
M. L. PEDROSA ◽  
S. A. REZENDE
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Protein Energy

scholarly journals Nutrition and immunology: from the clinic to cellular biology and back again

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Complement Components

Diet and immunity have been known to be linked to each other for centuries. In the last 30 years systematic studies have confirmed that nutrient deficiencies impair immune response and lead to frequent severe infections resulting in increased mortality, especially in children. Protein-energy malnutrition results in reduced number and functions of T-cells, phagocytic cells and secretory immunoglobulin A antibody response. In addition, levels of many complement components are reduced. Similar findings have been reported for moderate deficiencies of individual nutrients such as trace minerals and vitamins, particularly Zn, Fe, Se, vitamins A, B6, C and E. For example, Zn deficiency is associated with profound impairment of cell-mediated immunity such as lymphocyte stimulation response, decreased CD4+:CD8+ cells, and decreased chemotaxis of phagocytes. In addition, the level of thymulin, which is a Zn-dependent hormone, is markedly decreased. The use of nutrient supplements, singly or in combination, stimulates immune response and may result in fewer infections, particularly in the elderly, low-birth-weight infants and malnourished critically-ill patients in hospitals. The interactions between nutrition and the immune system are of clinical, practical and public health importance.

IMPROVEMENT THE PROPERTIES OF YOGHURT USING LEGUMES TO THERAPY PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Abtsam M.F. Badr ◽  
D.A.M. Amer ◽  
M.Y.A. El- Hawary ◽  
A.M.A. Naem
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Protein Energy

scholarly journals Sarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nishikawa ◽  
Hirayuki Enomoto ◽  
Shuhei Nishiguchi ◽  
Hiroko Iijima
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Clinical Consequences

The picture of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) has changed considerably in recent years. One of them is the increase of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. More and more CLD patients, even those with liver cirrhosis (LC), tend to be presenting with obesity these days. The annual rate of muscle loss increases with worsening liver reserve, and thus LC patients are more likely to complicate with sarcopenia. LC is also characterized by protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Since the PEM in LC can be invariable, the patients probably present with sarcopenic obesity (Sa-O), which involves both sarcopenia and obesity. Currently, there is no mention of Sa-O in the guidelines; however, the rapidly increasing prevalence and poorer clinical consequences of Sa-O are recognized as an important public health problem, and the diagnostic value of Sa-O is expected to increase in the future. Sa-O involves a complex interplay of physiological mechanisms, including increased inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hormonal disorders, and decline of physical activity. The pathogenesis of Sa-O in LC is diverse, with a lot of perturbations in the muscle–liver–adipose tissue axis. Here, we overview the current knowledge of Sa-O, especially focusing on LC.

scholarly journals Dynamic Oral Texture Properties of Selected Indigenous Complementary Porridges Used in African Communities

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Makame ◽  
Tanita Cronje ◽  
Naushad M. Emmambux ◽  
Henriette De Kock
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Child malnutrition remains a major public health problem in low-income African communities, caused by factors including the low nutritional value of indigenous/local complementary porridges (CP) fed to infants and young children. Most African children subsist on locally available starchy foods, whose oral texture is not well-characterized in relation to their sensorimotor readiness. The sensory quality of CP affects oral processing (OP) abilities in infants and young children. Unsuitable oral texture limits nutrient intake, leading to protein-energy malnutrition. The perception of the oral texture of selected African CPs (n = 13, Maize, Sorghum, Cassava, Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), Cowpea, and Bambara) was investigated by a trained temporal-check-all-that-apply (TCATA) panel (n = 10), alongside selected commercial porridges (n = 19). A simulated OP method (Up-Down mouth movements- munching) and a control method (lateral mouth movements- normal adult-like chewing) were used. TCATA results showed that Maize, Cassava, and Sorghum porridges were initially too thick, sticky, slimy, and pasty, and also at the end not easy to swallow even at low solids content—especially by the Up-Down method. These attributes make CPs difficult to ingest for infants given their limited OP abilities, thus, leading to limited nutrient intake, and this can contribute to malnutrition. Methods to improve the texture properties of indigenous CPs are needed to optimize infant nutrient intake.

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