Risk Analysis, Decision Analysis, and the Social Context for Risk Decision Making

1999 ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Slovic ◽  
Robin Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Risk Decision

scholarly journals Incorporating the social context into neurocognitive models of adolescent decision-making: A neuroimaging meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorien van Hoorn ◽  
Holly Shablack ◽  
Kristen A. Lindquist ◽  
Eva H. Telzer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Prosocial Influence and Opportunistic Conformity in Adolescents and Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1585-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Chierchia ◽  
Blanca Piera Pi-Sunyer ◽  
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Decision ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Decision Making ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Value Of Money

Adolescence is associated with heightened social influence, especially from peers. This can lead to detrimental decision-making in domains such as risky behavior but may also raise opportunities for prosocial behavior. We used an incentivized charitable-donations task to investigate how people revise decisions after learning about the donations of others and how this is affected by age ( N = 220; age range = 11–35 years). Our results showed that the probability of social influence decreased with age within this age range. In addition, whereas previous research has suggested that adults are more likely to conform to the behavior of selfish others than to the behavior of prosocial others, here we observed no evidence of such an asymmetry in midadolescents. We discuss possible interpretations of these findings in relation to the social context of the task, the perceived value of money, and social decision-making across development.

An Autonomy-Based Argument for Democracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-226
Author(s):  
James Lindley Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Common Life ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Social

Democracy uniquely respects an important set of persons’ autonomy claims. Along with standard first-order autonomy claims to act without interference, persons have second-order autonomy claims to authority over the social context of their choice. These second-order claims are grounded in the same ideal self-direction that grounds first-order claims. One triggers another’s second-order claims when one directs another’s will by shaping the context of her choice, or when one implicates another’s will by shaping the nature of her responsibility for her actions. When a basic structure exists in which individuals continuously direct and implicate one another’s wills, each person has a second-order autonomy claim to authority over the terms of that structure. Because each person is equally entitled to respect for her autonomy, each is equally entitled to authority over the basic structure. Political equality—the equal authority of each citizen over the terms of common life—therefore uniquely respects these autonomy claims of each citizen. We therefore have non-instrumental, autonomy-based reasons to support democratic decision-making.

Theoretical and Empirical Insights into Ethical Decision Making: The Role of the Social Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 13452
Author(s):  
Bruce Barry ◽  
Oyku Arkan ◽  
Joseph P. Gaspar ◽  
Brian Gunia ◽  
Jessica Alynn Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Social information impairs reward learning in depressive subjects: behavioral and computational characterization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lou Safra ◽  
Coralie Chevallier ◽  
Stefano Palminteri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
The Social

AbstractDepression is characterized by a marked decrease in social interactions and blunted sensitivity to rewards. Surprisingly, despite the importance of social deficits in depression, non-social aspects have been disproportionally investigated. As a consequence, the cognitive mechanisms underlying atypical decision-making in social contexts in depression are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigate whether deficits in reward processing interact with the social context and how this interaction is affected by self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms. Two cohorts of subjects (discovery and replication sample:N= 50 each) took part in a task involving reward learning in a social context with different levels of social information (absent, partial and complete). Behavioral analyses revealed a specific detrimental effect of depressive symptoms – but not anxiety – on behavioral performance in the presence of social information, i.e. when participants were informed about the choices of another player. Model-based analyses further characterized the computational nature of this deficit as a negative audience effect, rather than a deficit in the way others’ choices and rewards are integrated in decision making. To conclude, our results shed light on the cognitive and computational mechanisms underlying the interaction between social cognition, reward learning and decision-making in depressive disorders.

The microfoundations of human resources management in US public schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Pogodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hr Management ◽  
The Social

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the extent to which human resources (HR) decision making is influenced by the social context of school systems. More specifically, this study draws upon organizational theory focussed on the microfoundations of organizations as a lens identify key aspects of school HR decision making at the district and school level. Design/methodology/approach – Interview data were collected from district-level HR directors and local union presidents across 11 districts in Michigan and Indiana. The interviews provided information on the formal and informal aspects HR management. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed, and the constant comparative method was used to move from initial codes to higher levels of abstraction (Miles and Huberman, 1994; Strauss and Corbin, 1990). Multiple data collection methods were utilized to help validate the interview data that were collected (Stake, 2004). Findings – The key findings show that social relationships, particularly at the school level, influence the distribution of teachers within a district. The findings support the need for closer attention to be given to the social dynamics of school systems and the impact this has on HR decision making, particular with regard to the influence of informal organizational structures and day-to-day interactions within systems. Originality/value – The current body of research does not fully attend conceptually or empirically to the broader social context of a school system which shape HR decisions. Specifically, researchers and practitioners need to further address the ways that the social dynamics of school systems shape administrative decision making with regard to HR management.

scholarly journals La contabilidad: su contenido proyectivo en el contexto de las predicciones = Accounting: projective content in the context of predictions

2012 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Jorge Manuel Gil
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Social Technology ◽  
Empirical Application ◽  
Financial Variables ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reading Key ◽  
Registry Database

<p>La ponencia hace énfasis en el contenido financiero de la Contabilidad, aunque sin clausurar las dimensiones sociales y ecológicas de la disciplina. Se parte de su encuadre como tecnología social, es decir técnica científica más contexto social.</p><p>De allí se deduce su aplicación empírica al vincularse a los procesos decisorios. En este marco, los productos y actividades de la contabilidad –inclusive el control– son esencialmente predictivas.</p><p>Nos alejamos entonces del objeto y campo tradicional basado en la descripción del pasado (fundamentalmente por su base registral histórica) para explicar el presente.</p><p>Ese contexto explicativo y predictivo de la Contabilidad es el que “ayuda” a tomar decisiones correctas. La Contabilidad nos orienta sobre cuales variables financieras considerar para hacer las predicciones, pero –obviamente– no garantiza el resultado.</p><p>Mantenemos que su raison d'etre actual es la predicción del futuro (no sólo a través de los protocolos técnicos de la previsión, sino también mediante la revelación de la información histórica), la posibilidad de su lectura en clave de porvenir. Se Identifican algunas metodologías de proyección aplicadas</p><p>The paper emphasizes financial accounting content, but without closing the social and environmental dimensions of the discipline. Be part of the framing as a social technology that is more scientific technique social context.</p><p>From there it follows the empirical application to be linked to decision making. In this framework, products and activities, including the control, are essentially predictive.</p><p>We moved away from the object and then traditional field based on the description of the past (mainly for its historical registry database) to explain this.</p><p>That context explanatory and predictive of Accounting is the "help" to make correct decisions. Accounting focuses on what we consider financial variables to make predictions, but, obviously, does not guarantee the result.</p><p>We maintain that their raison d'etre is now predicting the future (not only through technical protocols of the forecast, but also by revealing historical information), the possibility of future reading key. Identified some projection methodologies applied.</p>

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