Tree—Fungus Interactions in Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis

1998 ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger T. Koide ◽  
Laura Suomi ◽  
Robert Berghage
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis

scholarly journals Metabolomics and transcriptomics to decipher molecular mechanisms underlying ectomycorrhizal root colonization of an oak tree

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sebastiana ◽  
A. Gargallo-Garriga ◽  
J. Sardans ◽  
M. Pérez-Trujillo ◽  
F. Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

AbstractMycorrhizas are known to have a positive impact on plant growth and ability to resist major biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the metabolic alterations underlying mycorrhizal symbiosis are still understudied. By using metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches, cork oak roots colonized by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius were compared with non-colonized roots. Results show that compounds putatively corresponding to carbohydrates, organic acids, tannins, long-chain fatty acids and monoacylglycerols, were depleted in ectomycorrhizal cork oak colonized roots. Conversely, non-proteogenic amino acids, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and several putative defense-related compounds, including oxylipin-family compounds, terpenoids and B6 vitamers were induced in mycorrhizal roots. Transcriptomic analysis suggests the involvement of GABA in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis through increased synthesis and inhibition of degradation in mycorrhizal roots. Results from this global metabolomics analysis suggest decreases in root metabolites which are common components of exudates, and in compounds related to root external protective layers which could facilitate plant-fungal contact and enhance symbiosis. Root metabolic pathways involved in defense against stress were induced in ectomycorrhizal roots that could be involved in a plant mechanism to avoid uncontrolled growth of the fungal symbiont in the root apoplast. Several of the identified symbiosis-specific metabolites, such as GABA, may help to understand how ectomycorrhizal fungi such as P. tinctorius benefit their host plants.

The Role of Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis in the Resistance of Forests to Water Stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Garbaye
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Protection Mechanisms

Forest trees live in enforced symbiosis with specialized fungi that form composite organs (ectomycorrhizas) with fine roots. This paper examines how this association contributes to the water status of trees and how it plays a major role in the protection mechanisms by which trees and forest stands resist drought-induced water stress. It shows how ectomycorrhizal symbiosis has both direct effects (at the uptake level) and indirect effects (at the regulation level) on the water status of trees. The facts presented are discussed in terms of forest adaptation to changing environmental conditions and the practical consequences for the sustainable management of forest ecosystems.

Restoration of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Environs Through Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 313-330
Author(s):  
Rezwana Assad ◽  
Zafar Ahmad Reshi ◽  
Irfan Rashid ◽  
Showkat Hamid Mir
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis

scholarly journals A Novel Class of Ectomycorrhiza-Regulated Cell Wall Polypeptides in Pisolithus tinctorius

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 862-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Laurent ◽  
Catherine Voiblet ◽  
Denis Tagu ◽  
Dulcinéia de Carvalho ◽  
Uwe Nehls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
State Level ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Fungal Hyphae

Development of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis leads to the aggregation of fungal hyphae to form the mantle. To identify cell surface proteins involved in this developmental step, changes in the biosynthesis of fungal cell wall proteins were examined in Eucalyptus globulus-Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizas by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Enhanced synthesis of several immunologically related fungal 31- and 32-kDa polypeptides, so-called symbiosis-regulated acidic polypeptides (SRAPs), was observed. Peptide sequences of SRAP32d were obtained after trypsin digestion. These peptides were found in the predicted sequence of six closely related fungal cDNAs coding for ectomycorrhiza up-regulated transcripts. The PtSRAP32 cDNAs represented about 10% of the differentially expressed cDNAs in ectomycorrhiza and are predicted to encode alanine-rich proteins of 28.2 kDa. There are no sequence homologies between SRAPs and previously identified proteins, but they contain the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif found in cell-adhesion proteins. SRAPs were observed on the hyphal surface by immunoelectron microscopy. They were also found in the host cell wall when P. tinctorius attached to the root surface. RNA blot analysis showed that the steady-state level of PtSRAP32 transcripts exhibited a drastic up-regulation when fungal hyphae form the mantle. These results suggest that SRAPs may form part of a cell-cell adhesion system needed for aggregation of hyphae in ectomycorrhizas.

The effects of Velpar L (hexazinone) on seedling growth and ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of Pinusresinosa

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 917-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chakravarty ◽  
L. Chatarpaul
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Significant Recovery ◽  
Application Rates

We investigated the effects of Velpar L (hexazinone) on ectomycorrhizal (Laccarialaccata) and nonmycorrhizal Pinusresinosa seedlings in the greenhouse and in the field. In both greenhouse and field studies, seedling growth was reduced by Velpar L at 1, 2, and 4 kg/ha application rates in the short term (2 months' exposure) with significant recovery occurring afterwards. Seedling mortality occurred only with herbicide treatments and was higher in the greenhouse than in the field. The 4 kg/ha Velpar L treatment caused the highest mortality and toxicity was most pronounced in the mycorrhizal (Laccarialaccata inoculated) seedlings. In both experiments mycorrhizal infection was significantly reduced by 2 and 4 kg/ha Velpar L treatments during the 0- to 2-month and 2- to 6-month exposure periods, with significant recovery occurring in the latter. Although seedlings not infected with Laccarialaccata became mycorrhizal through unidentified indigenous species, their infection rates were also affected by Velpar L at all levels during the 0- to 2-month period and at the 2 and 4 kg/ha levels after 2–6 months of exposure to the herbicide.

Signaling pathways driving the development of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis

2016 ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohann Daguerre ◽  
Jonathan M Plett ◽  
Claire Veneault-Fourrey
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis
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