Dietary Protein and Cardiovascular Diseases: Effects of Dietary Protein on Plasma Cholesterol Levels and Cholesterol Metabolism

1980 ◽  
pp. 379-385
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll ◽  
M. W. Huff
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Bile Acids: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Physiology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor

Bile acids, amphipathic end products of cholesterol metabolism, are “good” in the infant because they enhance lipid absorption and thereby promote growth. Bile acids also induce bile flow and biliary lipid secretion. The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is “bad” in the adult because it downregulates hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein receptor activity and thereby elevates plasma cholesterol levels. Defects in bile acid metabolism such as impaired biosynthesis or transport are “ugly” because they cause morbidity and death. New approaches for treating these defects are being developed.

Dietary Protein Source and Plasma Lipid Profiles of Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-552
Author(s):  
Emily Tseng ◽  
Susan M. Potter ◽  
Mary Frances Picciano
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Impact

Total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured in plasma samples taken at 4 and 8 weeks of age from 40 full-term infants who had been fed either human milk or one of three formulas containing casein-to-whey ratios of 82:18, 66:34, or 50:50 to investigate whether dietary protein influenced the development of plasma lipid profiles. Infants fed the formula with the casein-to-whey ratio of 82:18 had significantly higher plasma cholesterol levels at both 4 and 8 weeks of age compared with other groups of infants (P < .05). Infants fed the high-casein formula also showed an increase in plasma cholesterol levels with time (P < .001). Plasma triglyceride concentrations decreased as concentration of casein decreased (P < .05) among the formula-fed groups and increased with time. Infants fed human milk had plasma triglyceride concentrations similar to those infants who had been fed the 82:18 formula at 4 weeks of age; however, triglyceride concentrations eventually fell and were similar to those concentrations in infants who had been fed the 50:50 formula at 8 weeks of age. Results indicate that constituent lipids of human milk or formulas were not determining factors for changes observed in plasma cholesterol levels and triglyceride concentrations among groups. Since formulas differed only in proteins and their constituent amino acids, further investigation of the impact of dietary protein (amino acids) on development of blood lipid profiles in infants is warranted.

Effect of the Level of Dietary Protein with and without Added Cholesterol on Plasma Cholesterol Levels in Man

1963 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Beveridge ◽  
W. Ford Connell ◽  
Carolyn Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The role of diet during development on the regulation of adult cholesterol homeostasis

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Innis
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
Cholesterol Intake ◽  
Lower Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Altered Metabolism

Atherosclerosis is believed to begin early in life and to develop over several decades. Elevated plasma cholesterol is a major contributing factor. Studies in animals have shown that manipulation of cholesterol metabolism during its development in pre-and early post-natal life can permanently alter cholesterol synthesis and catabolism to favour lower plasma cholesterol levels in the adult faced with a high dietary cholesterol intake. Although the mechanisms and pathways involved are likely to be different, "metabolic training" can occur as a result of both the diet fed to the mother during gestation and lactation and from the diet fed to the animal itself in early life. The presence of cholesterol itself in the suckling diet does not appear to confer any lasting improvement to cholesterol handling in either man or animals. Although much research is still required to define the time in development for effective training of specific steps in cholesterol metabolism and the primary site and mechanism of permanently altered metabolism, significant progress has been made. These studies will form the basis of this review.

scholarly journals Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism by Bioactive Components of Soy Proteins: Novel Translational Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Giusy Rita Caponio ◽  
David Q.-H. Wang ◽  
Agostino Di Ciaula ◽  
Maria De Angelis ◽  
Piero Portincasa
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Soy Proteins ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Important Amount

Hypercholesterolemia represents one key pathophysiological factor predisposing to increasing risk of developing cardiovascular disease worldwide. Controlling plasma cholesterol levels and other metabolic risk factors is of paramount importance to prevent the overall burden of disease emerging from cardiovascular-disease-related morbidity and mortality. Dietary cholesterol undergoes micellization and absorption in the small intestine, transport via blood, and uptake in the liver. An important amount of cholesterol originates from hepatic synthesis, and is secreted by the liver into bile together with bile acids (BA) and phospholipids, with all forming micelles and vesicles. In clinical medicine, dietary recommendations play a key role together with pharmacological interventions to counteract the adverse effects of chronic hypercholesterolemia. Bioactive compounds may also be part of initial dietary plans. Specifically, soybean contains proteins and peptides with biological activity on plasma cholesterol levels and this property makes soy proteins a functional food. Here, we discuss how soy proteins modulate lipid metabolism and reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations in humans, with potential outcomes in improving metabolic- and dyslipidemia-related conditions.

PL-006 Expression of molecular markers of hepatic cholesterol metabolism are altered by a short-term high-fat diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Ldl Particles

Objective Metabolic disorders are often associated with liver steatosis and increased plasma cholesterol levels. However, the link between excessive lipid accumulation and impairments in cholesterol metabolism remains uninvestigated in the liver. Hence, a short treatment with a high-fat diet (HFD) was previously shown to promote excessive lipid accumulation in liver prior to the development of metabolic disorders. The present study intended to characterize how increases in liver fat alter the expression of several key regulators of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in response to a short-term HFD. Methods Young Wistar rats were randomly submitted either to HFD (n = 8) or a regular chow diet (RCD; n = 8) for 14 days.Liver tissue and blood were sampled . Results Increases in triglycerides were highly significant (P< 0.01) in liver but marginal in plasma of HFD rats. In contrast, the HFD resulted in higher (P< 0.01) cholesterol levels in plasma but not in liver samples. Gene expression of key markers involved in cholesterol uptake (LDL particles) including low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) and protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) along with ATP-binding cassette, superfamily G, member 5 (ABCG5) involved in cholesterol exportation viabile ducts were found to be higher (P< 0.05) in response to the HFD. In contrast, expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), involved in cholesterol synthesis was down-regulated in liver Conclusions The data support the concept that excessive accumulation of lipids promptly alters the expression of key genes regulating cholesterol metabolism in liver. On a clinical point of view, this indicates that increases in plasma cholesterol occur after a short-term high fat diet.

scholarly journals Diet-Induced Metabolic Improvements in a Hamster Model of Hypercholesterolemia Are Strongly Linked to Alterations of the Gut Microbiota

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 4175-4184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Martínez ◽  
Grant Wallace ◽  
Chaomei Zhang ◽  
Ryan Legge ◽  
Andrew K. Benson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

ABSTRACT The mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota exerts a strong influence on host lipid and cholesterol metabolism. In this study, we have characterized the interplay among diet, gut microbial ecology, and cholesterol metabolism in a hamster model of hypercholesterolemia. Previous work in this model had shown that grain sorghum lipid extract (GSL) included in the diet significantly improved the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/non-HDL cholesterol equilibrium (T. P. Carr, C. L. Weller, V. L. Schlegel, S. L. Cuppett, D. M. Guderian, Jr., and K. R. Johnson, J. Nutr. 135:2236-2240, 2005). Molecular analysis of the hamsters' fecal bacterial populations by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA tags, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and Bifidobacterium-specific quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the improvements in cholesterol homeostasis induced through feeding the hamsters GSL were strongly associated with alterations of the gut microbiota. Bifidobacteria, which significantly increased in abundance in hamsters fed GSL, showed a strong positive association with HDL plasma cholesterol levels (r = 0.75; P = 0.001). The proportion of members of the family Coriobacteriaceae decreased when the hamsters were fed GSL and showed a high positive association with non-HDL plasma cholesterol levels (r = 0.84; P = 0.0002). These correlations were more significant than those between daily GSL intake and animal metabolic markers, implying that the dietary effects on host cholesterol metabolism are conferred, at least in part, through an effect on the gut microbiota. This study provides evidence that modulation of the gut microbiota-host metabolic interrelationship by dietary intervention has the potential to improve mammalian cholesterol homeostasis, which has relevance for cardiovascular health.

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