Fusimotor Induced Phase Differences Between Responses of Primary and Secondary Endings from the Same Muscle Spindle

1988 ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Halliday ◽  
M. H. Gladden ◽  
J. R. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Spindle ◽  
Phase Differences

Friedel'S law breakdown and interpretation of stacking fault images in tetrahedral semiconductors

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
Rob. W. Glaisher ◽  
A.E.C. Spargo
Keyword(s):  
Relative Phase ◽  
Point Group ◽  
Binary Compound ◽  
Stacking Fault ◽  
Fold Axis ◽  
Atom Pair ◽  
Tetrahedral Semiconductors ◽  
Group Symmetries ◽  
Thin Crystal ◽  
Phase Differences

Images of <11> oriented crystals with diamond structure (i.e. C,Si,Ge) are dominated by white spot contrast which, depending on thickness and defocus, can correspond to either atom-pair columns or tunnel sites. Olsen and Spence have demonstrated a method for identifying the correspondence which involves the assumed structure of a stacking fault and the preservation of point-group symmetries by correctly aligned and stigmated images. For an intrinsic stacking fault, a two-fold axis lies on a row of atoms (not tunnels) and the contrast (black/white) of the atoms is that of the {111} fringe containing the two-fold axis. The breakdown of Friedel's law renders this technique unsuitable for the related, but non-centrosymmetric binary compound sphalerite materials (e.g. GaAs, InP, CdTe). Under dynamical scattering conditions, Bijvoet related reflections (e.g. (111)/(111)) rapidly acquire relative phase differences deviating markedly from thin-crystal (kinematic) values, which alter the apparent location of the symmetry elements needed to identify the defect.

Transfers with a rendezvous lasting no more than one orbit between close near-circular coplanar orbits

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Aleksandr F. BRAGAZIN ◽  
Alexey V. USKOV
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Free Parameter ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Characteristic Velocity ◽  
Orbital Station ◽  
Orbit Transfer ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Phase Differences

Consideration has been given to orbit transfers involving spacecraft rendezvous which belong to a class of coplanar non-intersecting near-circular orbits of a spacecraft and a space station. The duration of the transfer is assumed to be limited by one orbit. The feasibility of a rendezvous using an optimal two-burn orbit-to-orbit transfer is studied. To determine a single free parameter of the transfer, i.e. the time of its start, ensuring a rendezvous at a given time or at a given velocity at the end of transfer, appropriate equations have been obtained To implement in the guidance algorithms optimal three-burn correction programs are proposed to achieve a rendezvous at a given time with a specified relative velocity at the moment of spacecraft contact. A range of phase differences at the start of maneuvering is determined, within which the characteristic velocity of the rendezvous is equal to the minimum characteristic velocity of the orbit-to-orbit transfer. The paper presents simulation results for “quick" rendezvous profiles that use the proposed programs. Key words: spacecraft, orbital station, “quick” rendezvous, orbit transfer, rendezvous program.

scholarly journals Study of water storage variations at the Pantanal wetlands area from GRACE monthly mass grids

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Ayelen Pereira ◽  
Cecilia Cornero ◽  
Ana C. O. C. Matos ◽  
M. Cristina Pacino ◽  
Denizar Blitzkow
Keyword(s):  
Water Mass ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Satellite Gravity ◽  
The North ◽  
Paraguay River ◽  
Gravity Recovery ◽  
Grace Mission ◽  
Phase Differences

Abstract The continental water storage is significantly in-fluenced by wetlands, which are highly affected by climate change and anthropogenic influences. The Pantanal, located in the Paraguay river basin, is one of the world’s largest and most important wetlands because of the environmental biodiversity that represents. The satellite gravity mission GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) provided until 2017 time-variable Earth’s gravity field models that reflected the variations due to mass transport processes-like continental water storage changes-which allowed to study environments such as wetlands, at large spatial scales. The water storage variations for the period 2002-2016, by using monthly land water mass grids of Total Water Storage (TWS) derived from GRACE solutions, were evaluated in the Pantanal area. The capability of the GRACE mission for monitoring this particular environment is analyzed, and the comparison of the water mass changes with rainfall and hydrometric heights data at different stations distributed over the Pantanal region was carried out. Additionally, the correlation between the TWS and river gauge measurements, and the phase differences for these variables, were also evaluated. Results show two distinct zones: high correlations and low phase shifts at the north, and smaller correlation values and consequently significant phase differences towards the south. This situation is mainly related to the hydrogeological domains of the area.

scholarly journals Measurement of the D → K−π+π+π− and D → K−π+π0 coherence factors and average strong-phase differences in quantum-correlated $$ D\overline{D} $$ decays

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ablikim ◽  
◽  
M. N. Achasov ◽  
P. Adlarson ◽  
S. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Unitarity Triangle ◽  
Quantum Superposition ◽  
Final State ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Strong Phase ◽  
Signal Decay ◽  
Belle Ii ◽  
Coherence Factors ◽  
Phase Differences

Abstract The decays D → K−π+π+π− and D → K−π+π0 are studied in a sample of quantum-correlated $$ D\overline{D} $$ D D ¯ pairs produced through the process e+e− → ψ(3770) → $$ D\overline{D} $$ D D ¯ , exploiting a data set collected by the BESIII experiment that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1. Here D indicates a quantum superposition of a D0 and a $$ {\overline{D}}^0 $$ D ¯ 0 meson. By reconstructing one neutral charm meson in a signal decay, and the other in the same or a different final state, observables are measured that contain information on the coherence factors and average strong-phase differences of each of the signal modes. These parameters are critical inputs in the measurement of the angle γ of the Unitarity Triangle in B− → DK− decays at the LHCb and Belle II experiments. The coherence factors are determined to be RK3π = $$ {0.52}_{-0.10}^{+0.12} $$ 0.52 − 0.10 + 0.12 and $$ {R}_{K{\pi \pi}^0} $$ R K ππ 0 = 0.78 ± 0.04, with values for the average strong-phase differences that are $$ {\delta}_D^{K3\pi }=\left({167}_{-19}^{+31}\right){}^{\circ} $$ δ D K 3 π = 167 − 19 + 31 ° and $$ {\delta}_D^{K{\pi \pi}^0}=\left({196}_{-15}^{+14}\right){}^{\circ} $$ δ D K ππ 0 = 196 − 15 + 14 ° , where the uncertainties include both statistical and systematic contributions. The analysis is re-performed in four bins of the phase-space of the D → K−π+π+π− to yield results that will allow for a more sensitive measurement of γ with this mode, to which the BESIII inputs will contribute an uncertainty of around 6°.

Muscle Spindle Composition and Distribution in Human Young Masseter and Biceps Brachii Muscles Reveal Early Growth and Maturation

2011 ◽  
Vol 294 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina Österlund ◽  
Jing-Xia Liu ◽  
Lars-Eric Thornell ◽  
Per-Olof Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Spindle ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Early Growth

Calcium spikes in frog muscle spindle

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Fumio Ito ◽  
Tadashi Akaike ◽  
Yukio Komatsu
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Spindle ◽  
Frog Muscle ◽  
Calcium Spikes
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