Isolation and Titration of Dengue Viruses by the Mosquito Inoculation Technique

AbstractA novel directional inoculation technique has been designed to cast thin slab ingots containing Goss (or near Goss) oriented components in the as cast microstructure under the combined effect of oriented nucleation and oriented growth. The same has been targeted so as to retain Goss orientations and simultaneously develop γ fiber components (ranging from {111}<$$1\overline{1}0$$ 1 1 ¯ 0 > to {111}<112>) during hot rolling. The designed scheme of directional inoculation achieved oriented nucleation by the effect of exogenously added soft magnetic inoculants under magnetic field and oriented growth by the effect of fast cooling rates prevailing in the mould. The choice of 65Fe–35Co (wt%) system as soft magnetic inoculants was made taking into account the similarity in crystal structure and lattice parameter. The chemically synthesized inoculants under the effect of external magnetic field during solidification were able to exhibit directional inoculation. Variation in the cast microstructure and microtexture by varying the extent of inoculant addition was studied by EBSD technique. The ingots cast under different conditions were subjected to a designed hot rolling schedule and the through process microstructural and microtextural evolution was assessed. It was observed that fine equiaxed grains with initial cube orientations in the as cast structure could lead to the most desirable microstructural as well as microtextural gradient in the hot band.

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Dengue viruses circulating in Indonesia: A systematic review and phylogenetic analysis of data from five decades

Reviews in Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/rmv.2037 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. e2037 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Harapan Harapan ◽

Alice Michie ◽

Benediktus Yohan ◽

Pei‐Yun Shu ◽

Mudatsir Mudatsir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Dengue Viruses

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Genetic epidemiology of dengue viruses in phase III trials of the CYD tetravalent dengue vaccine and implications for efficacy

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.24196 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Maia A Rabaa ◽

Yves Girerd-Chambaz ◽

Kien Duong Thi Hue ◽

Trung Vu Tuan ◽

Bridget Wills ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Epidemiology ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Envelope Gene ◽

Dengue Vaccine ◽

Virus Genotype ◽

Pivotal Phase ◽

Dengue Viruses ◽

High Amino Acid ◽

Phase Iii Trials ◽

Trial Participants

This study defined the genetic epidemiology of dengue viruses (DENV) in two pivotal phase III trials of the tetravalent dengue vaccine, CYD-TDV, and thereby enabled virus genotype-specific estimates of vaccine efficacy (VE). Envelope gene sequences (n = 661) from 11 DENV genotypes in 10 endemic countries provided a contemporaneous global snapshot of DENV population genetics and revealed high amino acid identity between the E genes of vaccine strains and wild-type viruses from trial participants, including at epitope sites targeted by virus neutralising human monoclonal antibodies. Post-hoc analysis of all CYD14/15 trial participants revealed a statistically significant genotype-level VE association within DENV-4, where efficacy was lowest against genotype I. In subgroup analysis of trial participants age 9–16 years, VE estimates appeared more balanced within each serotype, suggesting that genotype-level heterogeneity may be limited in older children. Post-licensure surveillance is needed to monitor vaccine performance against the backdrop of DENV sequence diversity and evolution.

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