Impact of Biotic, Abiotic Stressors: Biotechnologies for Alleviating Plant Stress

Plant Stress Detection Accuracy Using Deep Convolution Neural Networks

International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology ◽

10.32628/cseit195447 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 263-270

Author(s):

Chege Kirongo ◽

Kelvin Omieno ◽

Makau Mutua ◽

Vitalis Ogemah

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Food Security ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Detection Accuracy ◽

Activation Functions ◽

Stress Detection ◽

Convolution Neural Networks ◽

Abiotic Stressors ◽

Complex Relationships

Plant Stress detection is a vital farming activity for enhanced productivity of crops and food security. Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) focuses on the complex relationships on input and output layers of neural networks for prediction. This task further helps in detecting the behavior of crops in response to biotic and abiotic stressors in reducing food losses. The enhancement of crop productivity for food security depends on accurate stress detection. This paper proposes and investigates the application of deep neural network to the tomato pests and disease stress detection. The images captured over a period of six months are treated as historical dataset to train and detect the plant stresses. The network structure is implemented using Google’s machine learning Tensor-flow platform. A number of activation functions were tested to achieve a better accuracy. The Rectifier linear unit (ReLU) function was tested. The preliminary results show increased accuracy over other activation functions.

Download Full-text

The Emerging Roles of Diacylglycerol Kinase (DGK) in Plant Stress Tolerance, Growth, and Development

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10091375 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1375

Author(s):

Idrice Carther Kue Foka ◽

Toi Ketehouli ◽

Yonggang Zhou ◽

Xiao-Wei Li ◽

Fa-Wei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Stress ◽

Diacylglycerol Kinase ◽

Lipid Signaling ◽

Operational Mode ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Animal Physiology ◽

Abiotic Stressors ◽

Key Enzyme ◽

External Stresses

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) is recognized as the key enzyme of the lipid signaling pathway, which involves the transduction of messages from hormones, neurotransmitters, and immunologic and growth factors. Regarding their essential role in animal physiology, many plant biologists have predicted a similar enzymatic influence in plants. However, a small number of recent studies have revealed the complexity of the involvement of DGK genes in the modulation of plant growth, development, and adaptation in both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Here, we describe recent discoveries on the role of DGK genes in the plants’ responses to biotic or abiotic stressors. Moreover, we discuss how DGK enzymes regulate plant cellular activities during the adaptation of plants to a readily changing environment. DGK is an enzyme that plays a pivotal role in plant lipid signaling, by catalyzing the phosphorylation of the diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA), which is a crucial molecule in a plant’s metabolic network, leading to its response to various external stresses. DGK enzymes are the principal moderators of PA generation in plant cells; this consequently affects its derived products—hence, enabling their activities in lipid signaling networks and cell homeostasis. Thus, understanding the DGK operational mode and interactions between the production and accumulation of PA would constitute a significant advancement in investigating the mechanism of stress adaptation in plants.

Download Full-text

Stress-regulated elements in Lotus spp., as a possible starting point to understand signalling networks and stress adaptation in legumes

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12110

Author(s):

Ana B. Menéndez ◽

Oscar Adolfo Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Lotus Japonicus ◽

Specific Protein ◽

Plant Stress Response ◽

Information Platform ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Abiotic Stressors ◽

Signalling Network ◽

Starting Point

Although legumes are of primary economic importance for human and livestock consumption, the information regarding signalling networks during plant stress response in this group is very scarce. Lotus japonicus is a major experimental model within the Leguminosae family, whereas L. corniculatus and L. tenuis are frequent components of natural and agricultural ecosystems worldwide. These species display differences in their perception and response to diverse stresses, even at the genotype level, whereby they have been used in many studies aimed at achieving a better understanding of the plant stress-response mechanisms. However, we are far from the identification of key components of their stress-response signalling network, a previous step for implementing transgenic and editing tools to develop legume stress-resilient genotypes, with higher crop yield and quality. In this review we scope a body of literature, highlighting what is currently known on the stress-regulated signalling elements so far reported in Lotus spp. Our work includes a comprehensive review of transcription factors chaperones, redox signals and proteins of unknown function. In addition, we revised strigolactones and genes regulating phytochelatins and hormone metabolism, due to their involvement as intermediates in several physiological signalling networks. This work was intended for a broad readership in the fields of physiology, metabolism, plant nutrition, genetics and signal transduction. Our results suggest that Lotus species provide a valuable information platform for the study of specific protein-protein (PPI) interactions, as a starting point to unravel signalling networks underlying plant acclimatation to bacterial and abiotic stressors in legumes. Furthermore, some Lotus species may be a source of genes whose regulation improves stress tolerance and growth when introduced ectopically in other plant species.

Download Full-text

Abiotic stressors impact outer membrane vesicle composition in a beneficial rhizobacterium: Raman spectroscopy characterization

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78357-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Potter ◽

Cynthia Hanson ◽

Anne J. Anderson ◽

Elizabeth Vargis ◽

David W. Britt

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Nucleic Acids ◽

Outer Membrane ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Membrane Vesicle ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Abiotic Stressors

AbstractOuter membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria have roles in cell-to-cell signaling, biofilm formation, and stress responses. Here, the effects of abiotic stressors on OMV contents and composition from biofilm cells of the plant health-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 (PcO6) are examined. Two stressors relevant to this root-colonizing bacterium were examined: CuO nanoparticles (NPs)-a potential fertilizer and fungicide- and H2O2-released from roots during plant stress responses. Atomic force microscopy revealed 40–300 nm diameter OMVs from control and stressed biofilm cells. Raman spectroscopy with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to identify changes in chemical profiles of PcO6 cells and resultant OMVs according to the cellular stressor with 84.7% and 83.3% accuracies, respectively. All OMVs had higher relative concentrations of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids than PcO6 cells. The nucleic acid concentration in OMVs exhibited a cellular stressor-dependent increase: CuO NP-induced OMVs > H2O2-induced OMVs > control OMVs. Biochemical assays confirmed the presence of lipopolysaccharides, nucleic acids, and protein in OMVs; however, these assays did not discriminate OMV composition according to the cellular stressor. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy using LDA to characterize and distinguish cellular stress effects on OMVs composition and contents.

Download Full-text