Disk Diffusion Assay to Assess the Antimicrobial Activity of Marine Algal Extracts

2015 ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Desbois ◽  
Valerie J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Algal Extracts

scholarly journals Short Communication: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Fagonia longispina (Zygophyllaceae) of Algerian

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laid Ziane ◽  
MOHAMMED DJELLOULI ◽  
ABDELAZIZ BERGHIOUA
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Abstract. Ziane L, Djellouli M, Berghioua A. 2021. Short Communication: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Fagonia longispina (Zygophyllaceae) of Algerian. Biodiversitas 22: 3448-3453. The study's aim is to discover the antioxidant, antibacterial efficacy and identifying the main constituents of the essential oil of Fagonia longispina from southwest of Algeria. The essential oil from the aerial parts of the endemic plant Fagonia longispina collected from the region of Sahara southwest of Algeria was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.  Our work was designed then, to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Fagonia longispina by DPPH free radical scavenging and HPTLC techniques. Antibacterial potency of essential oil from this plant has been tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Bacillus cereus (ATCC11778) by disk diffusion assay. We found that the chemical profile of the essential oil revealed the presence of 14 compounds: Trans–Pinocarveol (3.14 %), Panisaldehyd (4.24 %), Trans geraniol (3.05 %), carvacrol 18.72 %), Elemicin (22.85 %), (Z,E) Farnesol (15.69 %), Caryophyllene oxide (2.68 %), Alpha-curcumene (1.75 %), Germacrene D (4.22 %), longipinane (2.89 %) and ?-Terpinine (2.74 %). The antioxidant assay showed that the essential oil could scavenge DPPH (IC50 values of 2.1959 mg/mL free radical. The essential oil exhibits very effective antimicrobial activity using disk diffusion assay method with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.75 ?L/mL to 1.9714 ?L/mL. These results showed that this native plant may be a good candidate for further biological and pharmacological investigations.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities in Pistacia atlantica—Aphids Make a Difference!

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Yoram Gerchman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Plants have been explored and used as sources for antimicrobial extract and compounds for many years, but galls—specialized structures forms on such by diversity of organisms—have been explored much less. Aphid galls host many insects in closed, humid and sugar rich environments for long periods. We have tested the antimicrobial properties of Slavum wertheimae aphid galls on Pistacia atlantica. Secondary metabolites were extracted from leaves and galls with organic solvents, and essential oils with Clevenger, and tested by disk diffusion assay and volatile effect on bacteria and fungi, respectively. The results demonstrated that gall extracts/essential oils had much stronger activity against the diversity of bacteria and fungi. The large diversity of galls suggest they could be explored as source for novel compounds.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils Against Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)/Carbapenamase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria Involved in Human Nosocomial Infections

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Iseppi ◽  
Alessandro Di Cerbo ◽  
Piero Aloisi ◽  
Mattia Manelli ◽  
Veronica Pellesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

The aim of this study was to analyze the antibacterial activity of four essential oils (EOs), Melaleuca alternifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha piperita, and Thymus vulgaris, in preventing the development and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. A total of 60 strains were obtained from the stock collection from the Microbiology Laboratory of Hesperia Hospital, Modena, Italy. Twenty ESBL-producing E. coli, 5 K. pneumoniae, 13 KPC-producing K. pneumoniae, and 20 MBL-producing P. aeruginosa were cultured and reconfirmed as ESBL and carbapenamase producers. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of genes responsible for antibiotic resistance (ESBL and KPC/MBL). Antibacterial activity of the EOs was determined using the agar disk diffusion assay, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also evaluated. Lastly, adhesion capability and biofilm formation on polystyrene and glass surfaces were studied in 24 randomly selected strains. M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs showed the best antibacterial activity against all tested strains and, as revealed by agar disk diffusion assay, M. alternifolia was the most effective, even at low concentrations. This effect was also confirmed by MICs, with values ranging from 0.5 to 16 µg/mL and from 1 to 16 µg/mL, for M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs, respectively. The EOs’ antibacterial activity compared to antibiotics confirmed M. alternifolia EO as the best antibacterial agent. T. vulgaris EO also showed a good antibacterial activity with MICs lower than both reference antibiotics. Lastly, a significant anti-biofilm activity was observed for the two EOs (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 for M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs, respectively). A good antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs against all selected strains was observed, thus demonstrating a future possible use of these EOs to treat infections caused by ESBL/carbapenemase-producing strains, even in association with antibiotics.

scholarly journals Agar-Based Disk Diffusion Assay for Susceptibility Testing of Dermatophytes

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 3750-3752 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Nweze ◽  
P. K. Mukherjee ◽  
M. A. Ghannoum
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

scholarly journals Nano-Biotechnology: Developing Nano-silver coated cotton fabrics by means of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aspergillus terrues strain (MTCC9618) against staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Coated Cotton

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, especially fungal mediated method is given attention in the development of new drugs for resistance pathogens, molecular diagnosis, drug delivery therapy and in catalytic sensor due to its cost effective, none toxicity and eco-friendly. The present study focused on the fungal mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aspergillus terrues strain (MTCC 9618). The synthesized nanoparticles was monitored by spectrophotometer SEM, XRD and its band gap was determined by Tuac equation. After while the fungal crude cells was exposed to 5mM silver nitrate the reduction reaction was recorded according to red shift colorchange. Based on ultra violet spectrophotometeran absorbance was recorded in a distinct pick around 430nm - 450nm and also the band gab was determined using Tuac equationsuch that 2.08eV, 2.02eV, 2.0eV and 1.96eV at about 10min, 30min, 12h and 24h respectively. The AgNPs coated cotton fabrics was developed through direct exposed to extracellular metabolites and 100ppm colloidal solution of AgNPs. The antimicrobial efficacy of the synthesized AgNPs coted cotton fabrics against gram positive Hospital staphylococcus aureus pathogenstrains was conducted by disk diffusion assay. In which the antimicrobial efficacy of coated cotton-Ag against human pathogens was proofed how the staphylococcus aureus had susceptible too and (16mm) zone of inhibition was recorded. Based on disk diffusion assay at 10ug/mL minimum inhibition concentration (MIC)10.5 mm inhibition zone was noted consequently, this study accomplished that Aspergillus terreus strain mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles is cost effective, time saving, eco-friendly and small spherical (<10nm) had produced against to Physio-chemical means. The bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles cotton fabrics publicized that a higher efficacy of antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus and the result was considerable suggested in widely range used in textile and pharmaceutical industries to enrich durability, strength, quality of products against a clinical pathogens application as well bad odor and spoilage of dusts from fabrics.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Methods and Three End Points in Determination of In Vitro Activity of Micafungin against Aspergillus spp

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2640-2643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevtap Arikan ◽  
Pınar Yurdakul ◽  
Gulsen Hascelik
Keyword(s):  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
End Points ◽  
Minimum Effective Concentration ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

ABSTRACT We investigated the in vitro activity of micafungin against clinical Aspergillus isolates (n = 37) (Aspergillusfumigatus [n = 21], Aspergillusflavus [n = 14], and Aspergillus niger [n = 2]) by using NCCLS M38A microdilution and an investigational disk diffusion assay. Microdilution assay results were evaluated by using the end points of a MIC-2 (measured in micrograms per milliliter) and minimum effective concentration (MEC, measured in micrograms per milliliter; the lowest concentration of micafungin that produces short and aberrant hyphal branchings microscopically). Disk diffusion results were interpreted by measuring the zone(s) of inhibition (ZOI, measured in millimeters). Micafungin proved to be similarly active against all Aspergillus species tested. At 24 h, MIC-2s and MECs were identical. At 48 h, however, MIC-2s increased unpredictably, leading to the loss of a consistent correlation between the two end points. MECs and ZOI remained consistent and correlated at both reading times, suggesting their use as relevant end points in susceptibility testing of micafungin against Aspergillus. All Aspergillus isolates yielded intrazonal growth on disk diffusion agar plates. The intrazonal colonies contained short, aberrant hyphal branchings microscopically. The in vivo significance of these findings remains to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Comparison of Four Methods for Determining Lysostaphin Susceptibility of Various Strains of Staphylococcus aureus

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3256-3263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Kusuma ◽  
John F. Kokai-Kun
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Cross Bridges ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Genetic Mutants

ABSTRACT Lysostaphin is an endopeptidase that cleaves the pentaglycine cross-bridges of the staphylococcal cell wall rapidly lysing the bacteria. Recently, lysostaphin has been examined for its potential to treat infections and to clear Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization, requiring a reliable method for determining the lysostaphin susceptibility of strains of S. aureus. We compared four methods for determining the lysostaphin susceptibility of 57 strains of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin intermediately susceptible S. aureus (VISA), mupirocin-resistant S. aureus, and various defined genetic mutants of S. aureus. Three reference lysostaphin-resistant S. aureus variants were also included in the assays as negative controls. The assays examined included turbidity, MIC, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and disk diffusion assays. All of the strains of S. aureus tested, including a VISA strain which had previously been reported to be lysostaphin resistant, were susceptible to lysostaphin by all four methods. The three reference lysostaphin-resistant variants were resistant by all four methods. The disk diffusion assay was the simplest method to differentiate lysostaphin-susceptible S. aureus strains from lysostaphin-resistant variants, while the MBC assay could be used as a follow-up assay if required. In the disk diffusion assay, all strains of S. aureus tested revealed zones of inhibition of ≥11 mm using a 50-μg lysostaphin disk, while the three reference lysostaphin-resistant S. aureus variants had no zones of inhibition. In MBC assays, concentrations of lysostaphin ranging from 0.16 μg/ml to 2.5 μg/ml were found to cause a 3 log or greater drop from the initial CFU of S. aureus within 30 min for all strains tested.

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