Flow Cytometry-Based Cell Cycle Measurement of Mouse Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

2008 ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Shen ◽  
Matthew Boyer ◽  
Tao Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells

Cell Cycle Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells by Multicolor Flow Cytometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. e50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Galvin ◽  
Meredith Weglarz ◽  
Kat Folz-Donahue ◽  
Maris Handley ◽  
Misa Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Analysis ◽  
Multicolor Flow Cytometry ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells

scholarly journals Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Treated with Gemcitabine and Carboplatin

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Niclas Björn ◽  
Ingrid Jakobsen ◽  
Kourosh Lotfi ◽  
Henrik Gréen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells

Treatments that include gemcitabine and carboplatin induce dose-limiting myelosuppression. The understanding of how human bone marrow is affected on a transcriptional level leading to the development of myelosuppression is required for the implementation of personalized treatments in the future. In this study, we treated human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) harvested from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with gemcitabine/carboplatin. Thereafter, scRNA-seq was performed to distinguish transcriptional effects induced by gemcitabine/carboplatin. Gene expression was calculated and evaluated among cells within and between samples compared to untreated cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that the treatments effectively decrease cell proliferation, indicated by the proportion of cells in the G2M-phase dropping from 35% in untreated cells to 14.3% in treated cells. Clustering and t-SNE showed that cells within samples and between treated and untreated samples were affected differently. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the treatments influence KEGG pathways and Gene Ontologies related to myeloid cell proliferation/differentiation, immune response, cancer, and the cell cycle. The present study shows the feasibility of using scRNA-seq and chemotherapy-treated HSPCs to find genes, pathways, and biological processes affected among and between treated and untreated cells. This indicates the possible gains of using single-cell toxicity studies for personalized medicine.

Enforced Expression of GATA-2 Confers Quiescence on Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
Alex J. Tipping ◽  
Cristina Pina ◽  
Anders Castor ◽  
Ann Atzberger ◽  
Dengli Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Human Cord Blood ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Colony Number

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in adults are largely quiescent, periodically entering and exiting cell cycle to replenish the progenitor pool or to self-renew, without exhausting their number. Expression profiling of quiescent HSCs in our and other laboratories suggests that high expression of the zinc finger transcription factor GATA-2 correlates with quiescence. We show here that TGFβ1-induced quiescence of wild-type human cord blood CD34+ cells in vitro correlated with induction of endogenous GATA-2 expression. To directly test if GATA-2 has a causative role in HSC quiescence we constitutively expressed GATA-2 in human cord blood stem and progenitor cells using lentiviral vectors, and assessed the functional output from these cells. In both CD34+ and CD34+ CD38− populations, enforced GATA-2 expression conferred increased quiescence as assessed by Hoechst/Pyronin Y staining. CD34+ cells with enforced GATA-2 expression showed reductions in both colony number and size when assessed in multipotential CFC assays. In CFC assays conducted with more primitive CD34+ CD38− cells, colony number and size were also reduced, with myeloid and mixed colony number more reduced than erythroid colonies. Reduced CFC activity was not due to increased apoptosis, as judged by Annexin V staining of GATA-2-transduced CD34+ or CD34+ CD38− cells. To the contrary, in vitro cultures from GATA-2-transduced CD34+ CD38− cells showed increased protection from apoptosis. In vitro, proliferation of CD34+ CD38− cells was severely impaired by constitutive expression of GATA-2. Real-time PCR analysis showed no upregulation of classic cell cycle inhibitors such as p21, p57 or p16INK4A. However GATA-2 expression did cause repression of cyclin D3, EGR2, E2F4, ANGPT1 and C/EBPα. In stem cell assays, CD34+ CD38− cells constitutively expressing GATA-2 showed little or no LTC-IC activity. In xenografted NOD/SCID mice, transduced CD34+ CD38−cells expressing high levels of GATA-2 did not contribute to hematopoiesis, although cells expressing lower levels of GATA-2 did. This threshold effect is presumably due to DNA binding by GATA-2, as a zinc-finger deletion variant of GATA-2 shows contribution to hematopoiesis from cells irrespective of expression level. These NOD/SCID data suggest that levels of GATA-2 may play a part in the in vivo control of stem and progenitor cell proliferation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that GATA-2 enforces a transcriptional program on stem and progenitor cells which suppresses their responses to proliferative stimuli with the result that they remain quiescent in vitro and in vivo.

Malignant Myeloma Cells Impair Phenotype and Function of stem and Progenitor Cells.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 1799-1799
Author(s):  
Ingmar Bruns ◽  
Sebastian Büst ◽  
Akos G. Czibere ◽  
Ron-Patrick Cadeddu ◽  
Ines Brückmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells

Abstract Abstract 1799 Poster Board I-825 Multiple myeloma (MM) patients often present with anemia at the time of initial diagnosis. This has so far only attributed to a physically marrow suppression by the invading malignant plasma cells and the overexpression of Fas-L and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) by malignant plasma cells triggering the death of immature erythroblasts. Still the impact of MM on hematopoietic stem cells and their niches is scarcely established. In this study we analyzed highly purified CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell subsets from the bone marrow of newly diagnosed MM patients in comparison to normal donors. Quantitative flowcytometric analyses revealed a significant reduction of the megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor (MEP) proportion in MM patients, whereas the percentage of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMP) was significantly increased. Proportions of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and myeloid progenitors (CMP) were not significantly altered. We then asked if this is also reflected by clonogenic assays and found a significantly decreased percentage of erythroid precursors (BFU-E and CFU-E). Using Affymetrix HU133 2.0 gene arrays, we compared the gene expression signatures of stem cells and progenitor subsets in MM patients and healthy donors. The most striking findings so far reflect reduced adhesive and migratory potential, impaired self-renewal capacity and disturbed B-cell development in HSC whereas the MEP expression profile reflects decreased in cell cycle activity and enhanced apoptosis. In line we found a decreased expression of the adhesion molecule CD44 and a reduced actin polymerization in MM HSC by immunofluorescence analysis. Accordingly, in vitro adhesion and transwell migration assays showed reduced adhesive and migratory capacities. The impaired self-renewal capacity of MM HSC was functionally corroborated by a significantly decreased long-term culture initiating cell (LTC-IC) frequency in long term culture assays. Cell cycle analyses revealed a significantly larger proportion of MM MEP in G0-phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, the proportion of apoptotic cells in MM MEP determined by the content of cleaved caspase 3 was increased as compared to MEP from healthy donors. Taken together, our findings indicate an impact of MM on the molecular phenotype and functional properties of stem and progenitor cells. Anemia in MM seems at least partially to originate already at the stem and progenitor level. Disclosures Off Label Use: AML with multikinase inhibitor sorafenib, which is approved by EMEA + FDA for renal cell carcinoma.

Gabp Transcription Factor Is Required for Self-Renew and Proliferation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 1284-1284
Author(s):  
Zhongfa Yang ◽  
Karen Drumea ◽  
James Cormier ◽  
Junling Wang ◽  
Xuejun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Ets Domain

Abstract Abstract 1284 GABP is an ets transcription factor that regulates genes which are required for normal hematopoietic development. In myeloid cells, GABP is an essential component of a retinoic acid-inducible enhanceosome that mediates granulocytic gene expression and, in lymphoid cells, GABP regulates expression of IL7-R and the essential transcription factor, Pax5. GABP is a tetrameric complex that includes GABPa, which binds DNA via its ets domain, and GABPb, which contains the transcription activation domain. Genetic disruption of mouse Gabpa caused early embryonic lethality. We created mice in which loxP recombination sites flank exons that encode the Gabpa ets domain, and bred them to mice that bear the Mx1Cre recombinase; injection with pIC induced Cre expression and efficiently deleted Gabpa in hematopoietic cells. One half of the Gabpa knock-out (KO) mice died within two weeks of pIC injection in association with widespread visceral hemorrhage. Gabpa KO mice exhibited a rapid loss of mature granulocytes, and residual myeloid cells exhibited myelodysplasia due, in part, to regulation by Gabp of the transcriptional repressor, Gfi-1. We used bone marrow transplantation to demonstrate that the defect in Gabpa null myeloid cells is cell intrinsic. Although hematopoietic progenitor cells in Gabpa KO bone marrow were decreased more than 100-fold compared to pIC treated control mice, there was not a statistically significant difference in the numbers of Lin−c-kit+Sca-1− hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) between KO and control mice. Genetic disruption of Gfi-1 disruption in HSCs caused increased cell cycle activity – an effect that is diametrically opposite of the effect of Gabpa KO; this suggests that the effect of Gabpa on HSCs is not due to its control of Gfi-1. In contrast, Gabpa KO HSCs exhibited a marked decrease in cell cycle activity, but did not demonstrate increased apoptosis. The defects in S phase entry of Gabpa null HSCs are reminiscent of the cell cycle defects in Gabpa null fibroblasts, in which expression of Skp2 E3 ubiquitin ligase, which controls degradation of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) p21 and p27, was markedly reduced following Gabpa disruption. We showed that Gabpa KO cells express reduced levels of Skp2. We propose that GABP controls self-renewal and proliferation of mouse bone marrow stem and progenitor cells, in part, through its regulation of Skp2. Thus, Gabpa is a key regulator of myeloid differentiation through its control of Gfi-1, but it is required for cell cycle activity of HSCs, by a distinct effect that may be due to its control of Skp2 and CDKIs. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Change in SP Distribution with Age Reflects Intrinsic Age-Based Changes in Stem Cell Biology: Implications for the Mechanism of Aging.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4209-4209
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Pearce ◽  
Catherine Simpson ◽  
Kirsty Allen ◽  
Ayad Eddaoudi ◽  
Derek Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract It has been postulated that as we age, accumulated damage causes stem cells to die by apoptosis. This could lead to a diminished stem cell pool and consequently a reduced organ regeneration potential that contributes to somatic senescence. Hematopoietic stem cells have evolved many mechanisms to cope with their exposure to toxins during life. Cell surface transporters and anti-toxic enzymes are highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells. If toxins do get the opportunity to damage the DNA of stem cells then the cell is more likely to die by apoptosis than attempt DNA repair and risk an error. Summarised below are our results from an investigation of the frequency, phenotype, cell cycle status and repopulation potential (in young recipients) of C57BL6 side population (SP) cells from mice with a range of ages. The absolute frequency of SP cells increases with age (Figure-A). The proportion of the lineage negative, Sca-1+, c-kit+ (KLS) cell population that is an SP stem cell increases from ~1% to over 30% during the murine lifetime (red bars in Figure-B). These SP cells from older mice have a reduced 4-month competitive repopulation potential when compared to SP cells from younger mice but contain a similarly low proportion of phenotypically-defined mature cells (blue bars in Figure-B) and have a similar cell cycle profile and progenitor cell output (2% of 3 x 96 well plates for each). SP cells from older mice contained a higher proportion of SP cells with the highest efflux ability (61 vs 414 days, p=<0.001, n=6) Engrafted cells derived from old SP cells 4 months previously still displayed an increased SP frequency when compared to engrafted cells derived from SP cells of young mice. Hence, more progenitors or committed cells have not gained the SP ability; rather this difference in SP distribution reflects an age-dependent change in hematopoietic stem cell biology that is independent of the microenvironment. Specifically, the proportion of stem and progenitor cells (KLS) that is a stem cell (SP fraction of KLS) increases with age. We hypothesize that this may be a progressive enrichment of primitive cells over time via selection. As we age, accumulative damage to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells causes more cells to die by apoptosis. It may be that the stem/progenitor cells with the lowest hoechst efflux ability are most susceptible to damage and hence most likely to die by apoptosis. Since the HSCs with the highest efflux of hoechst are thought to be the most primitive, it may be that there is an enrichment of primitive cells. This could account for the increased SP proportion observed within KLS cells. As there may be cells with ABC/G2 activity that is undetectable via the SP technique, selection of cells with a higher pump activity could also explain the increased SP frequency we observed. This hypothetical mechanism would also be independent of microenvirinment. In summary, we surmise that HSCs have a mechanism that copes with cellular damage while compensating for the reduced cellular output of HSCs with age by increasing the absolute number of HSCs. Figure Figure

scholarly journals Megakaryocytic TGFβ1 Partitions Hematopoiesis into Amplifying Stem and Progenitor Cells and Maturing Effector Cells

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
Silvana Di Giandomenico ◽  
Pouneh Kermani ◽  
Nicole Molle ◽  
Mia Yabut ◽  
Fabienne Brenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Erythroid Precursors ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells

Abstract Background: Chronic anemia is a significant problem affecting over 3 million Americans annually. Therapies are restricted to transfusion and Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents (ESA). There is a need for new approaches to treat chronic anemia. Immature erythroid progenitors are thought to be continuously produced and then permitted to survive and mature if there is sufficient erythropoietin (Epo) available. This model is elegant in that oxygen sensing within the kidney triggers Epo production so anemia can increase Epo and promote erythroid output. However, during homeostasis this model suggests that considerable energy is used to produce unneeded erythroid progenitors. We searched for independent control and compartmentalization of erythropoiesis that could couple early hematopoiesis to terminal erythroid commitment and maturation. Methods: We previously found the proportion of bone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs) staining for active, signaling-competent TGFβ transiently increases during bone marrow regeneration after chemotherapy. To assess the functional role of Mk-TGFβ, we crossed murine strains harboring a floxed allele of TGFβ1 (TGFβ1Flox/Flox) littermate with a Mk-specific Cre deleter to generate mice with Mk-specific deletion of TGFβ1 (TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk). We analyzed hematopoiesis of these mice using high-dimensional flow cytometry, confocal immunofluorescent microscopy and in vitro and in vivo assays of hematopoietic function (Colony forming assays, and in vivo transplantation). Results: Using validated, 9-color flow cytometry panels capable of quantifying hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and six other hematopoietic progenitor populations, we found that Mk-specific deletion of TGFβ1 leads to expansion of immature hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) (Fig1A&B). Functional assays confirmed a more than three-fold increase in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) capable of serially-transplanting syngeneic recipients in the bone marrow (BM) of TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk mice compared to their TGFβ1Flox/Flox littermates. Expansion was associated with less quiescent (Go) HSCs implicating Mk-TGFβ in the control of HSC cell cycle entry. Similarly, in vitro colony forming cell assays and in vivo spleen colony forming assays confirmed expansion of functional progenitor cells in TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk mice. These results place Mk-TGFβ as a critical regulator of the size of the pool of immature HSPCs. We found that the blood counts and total BM cellularity of TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk mice was normal despite the dramatic expansion of immature HSPCs. Using a combination of confocal immunofluorescence microscopy (cleaved caspase 3) (Fig1C) and flow cytometry (Annexin V and cleaved caspase 3) (Fig1D), we found ~10-fold greater apoptosis of mature precursor cells in TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk BM and spleens. Coincident with this, we found the number of Epo receptor (EpoR) expressing erythroid precursors to be dramatically increased. Indeed, apoptosis of erythroid precursors peaked as they transitioned from dual positive Kit+EpoR+ precursors to single positive cells expressing EpoR alone. Epo levels were normal in the serum of these mice. We reasoned that the excess, unneeded EpoR+ cells were not supported physiologic Epo levels but might respond to even small doses of exogenous Epo. Indeed, we found that the excess erythroid apoptosis could be rescued by administration of very low doses of Epo (Fig1E). Whereas TGFβ1Flox/Flox mice showed minimal reticulocytosis and no change in blood counts, TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk mice responded with exuberant reticulocytosis and raised RBC counts almost 10% within 6 days (Fig. 1F). Low dose Epo also rescued survival of Epo receptor positive erythroid precursors in the bone marrow, spleen and blood of TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk mice. TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk mice showed a similarly brisk and robust erythropoietic response during recovery from phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis (Fig.1G). Exogenous TGFβ worsened BM apoptosis and caused anemia in treated mice. Pre-treatment of wild-type mice with a TGFβ signaling inhibitor sensitized mice to low dose Epo. Conclusion: These results place megakaryocytic TGFβ1 as a gate-keeper that restricts the pool of immature HSPCs and couples immature hematopoiesis to the production of mature effector cells. This work promises new therapies for chronic anemias by combining TGFβ inhibitors to increase the outflow of immature progenitors with ESAs to support erythroid maturation. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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