Flow Cytometry Analysis of Cell Cycling and Proliferation in Mouse Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

2011 ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Barbier ◽  
Bianca Nowlan ◽  
Jean-Pierre Lévesque ◽  
Ingrid G. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Cycling

scholarly journals Ssb1 and Ssb2 cooperate to regulate mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by resolving replicative stress

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (18) ◽  
pp. 2479-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Shi ◽  
Therese Vu ◽  
Didier Boucher ◽  
Anna Biernacka ◽  
Jules Nde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Replication Stress ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Replicative Stress ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Cycling

Key Points Combined loss of Ssb1/Ssb2 induces rapid lethality due to replication stress–associated loss of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Functionally, loss of Ssb1/Ssb2 activates p53 and IFN pathways, causing enforced cell cycling in quiescent HSPCs and apoptotic cell loss.

Cell Cycle Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells by Multicolor Flow Cytometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. e50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Galvin ◽  
Meredith Weglarz ◽  
Kat Folz-Donahue ◽  
Maris Handley ◽  
Misa Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Analysis ◽  
Multicolor Flow Cytometry ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells

scholarly journals Differential Effects of TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 Signaling on Normal and Premalignant Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1806-1806
Author(s):  
Darlene A. Monlish ◽  
Zev J. Greenberg ◽  
Sima T. Bhatt ◽  
Dagmar Ralphs ◽  
John L. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Cycling

Abstract Prior studies from our lab and others have demonstrated a role for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in regulating both normal and premalignant hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), however the contributions of its binding partners, TLR1 and TLR6, remain unknown. In CD34+ bone marrow cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), increased TLR2 was associated with lower-risk disease, elevated rates of apoptosis associated with improved prognosis, and enhanced survival. Conversely, increased levels of TLR6, but not TLR1, was associated with higher-risk disease and an increased percentage of bone marrow blasts (Zeng et al., Exp Cell Res 2016 and Wei et al., Leukemia 2013). These data suggest that there may be heterodimer-specific effects of TLR2 signaling on HSPCs influencing disease progression. To elucidate the unique contributions of the heterodimer pairs in MDS pathogenesis and leukemogenesis, we utilized a well-established mouse model of MDS that expresses the NUP98-HOXD13 fusion from the hematopoietic Vav-1 promoter. The "NHD13" mice recapitulate many of the salient features of human MDS and succumb to cytopenias or leukemia by 14 months of age (Lin et al., Blood 2005). Importantly, we observed significantly increased expression of TLRs 1, 2, and 6 on the c-Kit+, Sca-1+, Lineage- ("KSL") HSPCs of the NHD13 mice, similar to the increased expression of these TLRs on CD34+ cells of MDS patients. To begin to delineate the heterodimeric differences, NHD13 mice were treated chronically with either PAM2CSK4 (PAM2), a TLR2/6-specific agonist, or PAM3CSK4 (PAM3), a TLR1/2-specific agonist, to assess the effects on cytopenias and survival. After five months of treatment, a significant increase was observed in the total number of white blood cells in NHD13 mice treated with PAM2 (p=0.007), but not PAM3 (vs. vehicle (water)-treated controls), a finding that was not recapitulated in wild-type (WT) controls. On the contrary, a significant decrease in the total number of platelets in both NHD13 and WT mice treated with PAM3 was observed as compared to vehicle-treated controls (p=0.024 and p=0.011, respectively). Further supporting the existence of heterodimer-specific differences, death was expedited in NHD13 mice treated with PAM2 as compared to those treated with PAM3 (p=0.019), with a median survival of 243 days vs. 338 for the PAM3-treated cohort. The cause of death, as determined by a hematopathologist based on cytology and blast percentage, was most often due to leukemia. To investigate the potential mechanism through which enhanced TLR2/6 signaling accelerates leukemogenesis and death in NHD13 mice, the HSPCs of premalignant NHD13 mice treated with PAM2 or PAM3 were characterized by flow cytometry and evaluated for cell cycling and cell death. Both the total number and frequency of KSL cells were significantly increased in NHD13 mice treated with PAM2 (p=0.007 and p<0.0001, respectively), but not PAM3, vs. water-treated controls. No significant changes were noted in either cell cycling or apoptosis following agonist treatment. A microarray of bone marrow KSL cells revealed that stimulation of the TLR2/6 pathway is associated with an activated c-Myc signature, suggesting that enhanced signaling through this pathway, but not TLR1/2, may enhance leukemogenesis via Myc activation. Further, the expression levels of six downstream targets of c-Myc, including BAX, APEX1, ODC1, FKBP4, NCL, and HSPD1, were significantly increased in both WT and NHD13 mice following PAM2 treatment. Evaluation of serum cytokines also revealed heterodimer-specific alterations, including increased IL-6 levels in NHD13 mice treated with PAM2, but not PAM3. These data corroborate numerous previous reports linking IL-6 to MDS pathogenesis and transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. Ongoing studies involving mass cytometry, IL-6knockout mice, and pharmacological inhibitors of both IL-6 and c-Myc aim to further elucidate the mechanism through which TLR2/6-specific activation accelerates leukemogenesis and death in the NHD13 mouse model of MDS. These studies hope to inform more targeted therapeutics that could potentially delay MDS progression and reduce off-target effects. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Megakaryocytic TGFβ1 Partitions Hematopoiesis into Amplifying Stem and Progenitor Cells and Maturing Effector Cells

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
Silvana Di Giandomenico ◽  
Pouneh Kermani ◽  
Nicole Molle ◽  
Mia Yabut ◽  
Fabienne Brenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Erythroid Precursors ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells

Abstract Background: Chronic anemia is a significant problem affecting over 3 million Americans annually. Therapies are restricted to transfusion and Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents (ESA). There is a need for new approaches to treat chronic anemia. Immature erythroid progenitors are thought to be continuously produced and then permitted to survive and mature if there is sufficient erythropoietin (Epo) available. This model is elegant in that oxygen sensing within the kidney triggers Epo production so anemia can increase Epo and promote erythroid output. However, during homeostasis this model suggests that considerable energy is used to produce unneeded erythroid progenitors. We searched for independent control and compartmentalization of erythropoiesis that could couple early hematopoiesis to terminal erythroid commitment and maturation. Methods: We previously found the proportion of bone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs) staining for active, signaling-competent TGFβ transiently increases during bone marrow regeneration after chemotherapy. To assess the functional role of Mk-TGFβ, we crossed murine strains harboring a floxed allele of TGFβ1 (TGFβ1Flox/Flox) littermate with a Mk-specific Cre deleter to generate mice with Mk-specific deletion of TGFβ1 (TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk). We analyzed hematopoiesis of these mice using high-dimensional flow cytometry, confocal immunofluorescent microscopy and in vitro and in vivo assays of hematopoietic function (Colony forming assays, and in vivo transplantation). Results: Using validated, 9-color flow cytometry panels capable of quantifying hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and six other hematopoietic progenitor populations, we found that Mk-specific deletion of TGFβ1 leads to expansion of immature hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) (Fig1A&B). Functional assays confirmed a more than three-fold increase in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) capable of serially-transplanting syngeneic recipients in the bone marrow (BM) of TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk mice compared to their TGFβ1Flox/Flox littermates. Expansion was associated with less quiescent (Go) HSCs implicating Mk-TGFβ in the control of HSC cell cycle entry. Similarly, in vitro colony forming cell assays and in vivo spleen colony forming assays confirmed expansion of functional progenitor cells in TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk mice. These results place Mk-TGFβ as a critical regulator of the size of the pool of immature HSPCs. We found that the blood counts and total BM cellularity of TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk mice was normal despite the dramatic expansion of immature HSPCs. Using a combination of confocal immunofluorescence microscopy (cleaved caspase 3) (Fig1C) and flow cytometry (Annexin V and cleaved caspase 3) (Fig1D), we found ~10-fold greater apoptosis of mature precursor cells in TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk BM and spleens. Coincident with this, we found the number of Epo receptor (EpoR) expressing erythroid precursors to be dramatically increased. Indeed, apoptosis of erythroid precursors peaked as they transitioned from dual positive Kit+EpoR+ precursors to single positive cells expressing EpoR alone. Epo levels were normal in the serum of these mice. We reasoned that the excess, unneeded EpoR+ cells were not supported physiologic Epo levels but might respond to even small doses of exogenous Epo. Indeed, we found that the excess erythroid apoptosis could be rescued by administration of very low doses of Epo (Fig1E). Whereas TGFβ1Flox/Flox mice showed minimal reticulocytosis and no change in blood counts, TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk mice responded with exuberant reticulocytosis and raised RBC counts almost 10% within 6 days (Fig. 1F). Low dose Epo also rescued survival of Epo receptor positive erythroid precursors in the bone marrow, spleen and blood of TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk mice. TGFβ1ΔMk/ΔMk mice showed a similarly brisk and robust erythropoietic response during recovery from phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis (Fig.1G). Exogenous TGFβ worsened BM apoptosis and caused anemia in treated mice. Pre-treatment of wild-type mice with a TGFβ signaling inhibitor sensitized mice to low dose Epo. Conclusion: These results place megakaryocytic TGFβ1 as a gate-keeper that restricts the pool of immature HSPCs and couples immature hematopoiesis to the production of mature effector cells. This work promises new therapies for chronic anemias by combining TGFβ inhibitors to increase the outflow of immature progenitors with ESAs to support erythroid maturation. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

In Vitro Hematopoietic Lineage Interconversion from Human Bone Marrow Stem and Progenitor Cells.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4160-4160
Author(s):  
Ling Chen ◽  
Stephanie Jean-Noel ◽  
Kevin Hall ◽  
Ying Shi ◽  
Griffin P. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Human Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract The cell surface antigen, CD133, marks a fraction of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and has been successfully used to study their differential biology. To evaluate the differentiating capacity of stem/progenitor cells, we cultivated purified normal human bone marrow CD133 selected cells for 2 weeks with erythropoietin (EPO) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to induce erythroid or myeloid differentiation, respectively. After the second week of cultivation, we reversed the seeding environment of the two populations by placing EPO treated cells into a G-CSF environment and G-CSF treated cells into an EPO environment for an additional 2-week culture. The cells produced in the culture were phenotypically defined by morphology and flow cytometry, and genotypically by RNA and proteomic analyses. Three-color flow cytometry was used for identifying CD133+ progenitors, CD36+ erythroid and CD13+ myeloid cells, as shown in Table 1. The morphology of the cultured cells, assessed by Wright-Giemsa staining, is consistent with the conversion of cellular specific markers. Rapid analysis of gene expression demonstrated co-expression of 76% of 266 genes analyzed among the erythroid and myeloid lineages. Furthermore, proteomic analysis exhibited the sharing of 33% of 9518 expressed protein spots assayed in the two populations after the first 2-week culture, and 32% after 2 weeks of the switch culture. Our data clearly demonstrate that the committed erythroid and myeloid precursors are able to change their fate and can switch into the opposite cell type by a conversion pathway under a specifically defined condition. We termed this switch as interconversion, considering conversion of hematopoietic cells to non-hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, the observations presented in this study show that cytokines used can improve the conversion. We are developing a mathematical model describing the kinetics of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell transitions into specific lineages, along with the conversion of committed cells based on multiple potential energy wells corresponding to different cell states and cytokines. Table 1. Expression of cell surface markers after 4-week culture D0 1 week 2 weeks 4 weeks CD expression (%) E G E G E2w →G2w → G2w E2w Data are presented as a mean of at least 2 experiments. E: EPO; G: G-CSF; E2w or G2w: EPO or G-CSF treatment for two weeks. CD133+ 96.19 15.74 13.6 0.24 0.36 0.01 0.63 CD36+ 0 60.37 27.39 96.37 25.87 45.41 68.54 CD13+ 0.43 35.41 57.29 24.41 92.1 85.87 37.76 CD133+ / CD36+ 0.44 22.24 15.97 0.12 0.18 1.55 7.65 CD133+ / CD13+ 1.24 19.43 13.36 0.36 1.09 13.31 14.92 CD36+ / CD13+ 0.09 41.25 17.80 23.69 54.1 46.60 79.41

scholarly journals Modulation of Interaction of Human Osteoprogenitor Cells with Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 2933-2933
Author(s):  
Frank Akwaa ◽  
Rakhil Rubinova ◽  
Benjamin J Frisch ◽  
Mark W LaMere ◽  
Kristen Marie O'Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Human Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Osteoprogenitor Cells ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Osteolineage Cells ◽  
Supportive Cells

Abstract Osteoprogenitor cells (OPCs) are marrow microenvironmental cells known to modulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Specifically, OPCs regulate HSPCs in response to Parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment in murine models. However, the role of OPCs in human HSPC regulation and whether human OPCs can be manipulated is poorly understood. Niche stimulation is an appealing strategy to aid in the treatment of hematopoietic dysfunction. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal disorders with ineffective hematopoiesis resulting in cytopenias and risk of transformation to acute leukemia (AML). In mouse models, disruption of the osteolineage cells can contribute to initiation of ineffective hematopoiesis with phenotypic features of MDS. Our long term goal is to utilize microenvironmental stimulation as a therapeutic tool to improve hematopoietic disorders. We hypothesized that human cells isolated from the marrow fraction containing spicules harbor HSPC supportive cells, which can be manipulated to improve HSPC support. Moreover we hypothesized that OPC number and function is impaired by dysplasia-initiated microenvironmental disruption as a potential mechanism for reduced support of HSPCs and ineffective hematopoiesis. Our objective was to isolate human bone marrow spicule associated cells (SACs) and define their ability to support HSPCs, determine the impact of PTH treatment of SAC/HSPCs interactions and characterize dysplasia-induced osteolineage changes in human MDS and AML bone marrow. To achieve this objective, we used normal as well as MDS/AML patient-derived OPCs using a mouse-human co-culture system. Human bone marrow SACs isolated by collagenase digestion were either used for co-culture, analyzed with flow cytometry or cultured in mineralization media in limited dilutions. To assess the potential impact of PTH on human OPC interaction with HSPCs, we developed a 7 day co-culture of human bone marrow SACs treated with either vehicle or PTH, with mouse Lineage- Sca1+ c-Kit+ (LSK) hematopoietic progenitor cells. At the end of the co-culture, all cells present were used for competitive transplantation. Transplant experiments demonstrated that PTH treatment of the human bone marrow SACs leads to improved function of the co-cultured LSK cells as demonstrated by significantly improved engraftment of the LSK cells after transplant into irradiated C57/bl6 recipient mice when sampled at pre-specified time points over a 20-week period (N=12, 2-way ANOVA; p < 0.05). Flow cytometry analysis showed that mature (Lin- CD31- CD146+ CD105-) and immature osteolineage (Lin- CD31- CD146+ CD105+) cells were present in SACs and more abundant compared to within BMMCs (1% vs 0.1% and 0.24% vs 0.12% for the same patient). Notably, the putative HSC-supportive MSC pool was increased in SACs vs BMMCs (0.052% vs 0.019%). The presence of OPCs was functionally confirmed using colony forming unit osteoblasts (CFU-OBs). CFU-OB frequency was calculated using L-Calc TM (StemCell technologies). Among normal donors the frequency of CFU-OBs was low in marrow donors >50 years old compared to <50 years old donors (2.240e-005 ± 3.300e-006 N=2 vs. 0.0001146 ± 4.163e-005 N=9). We identified non-statistically significant decrease in the frequency of CFU-OBs in bone marrow SACs from MDS patients compared to normal donors (1.090e-005 ± 1.400e-006 N=2 vs. 5.024e-005 ± 1.277e-005 N=8; p= 0.179); and similar decrease in frequency of osteoprogenitor cells in the bone marrow aspirates from AML patients compared to normal donors (2.303e-005 ± 9.371e-006 N=3 vs. 5.024e-005 ± 1.277e-005 N=8; p= 0.251). These data support our hypothesis that OPCs in patients with MDS and AML are negatively impacted compared to normal bone marrow. These data demonstrate that human SACs contain HSPC-supportive cells which can be stimulated to improve HSPC function. Human SACs comprise MSCs and osteolineage cells including osteoprogenitor cells. Aging decreases OPC pools in SACs. Our data in our small sample also suggest that dysplastic bone marrow microenvironment may negatively impact OPCs, which may in turn decrease OPC support of HPSCs. PTH treatment in our in-vitro model shows the potential to improve the interaction between the OPCs and HSPCs, resulting in amelioration of HSC function. Together these data suggest a strategy where targeting the MDS microenvironment may add to the currently available treatment modalities. Disclosures Calvi: Fate Therapeutics: Patents & Royalties.

scholarly journals Phenotypical Changes of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Sepsis Patients: Correlation With Immune Status?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Yi-hao Li ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Hong-cai Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Kinetics Of

Background: Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction associated with high risk of death. The immune response of sepsis is complex and varies over time. The immune cells are derived from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) which can respond to many infections. Our previous study found that sepsis causes HSPC dysregulation in mouse. But few studies have previously investigated the kinetics of HSPC and its contribution to immune system in sepsis patients.Purpose: We aimed to identify the kinetics of HSPCs and their contribution to immune system in sepsis patients.Methods: We enrolled eight sepsis patients and five healthy control subjects. Peripheral blood (PB) samples from each patient were collected three times: on the first, fourth, and seventh days, once from each healthy control subject. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by density centrifugation and stained with cocktails of antibodies. Populations of HSPCs and their subpopulation were analyzed by flow cytometry. Immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry and blood cell analysis. Correlations between HSPCs and immune cells were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test.Results: We found that the frequency of HSPCs (CD34+ cells and CD34+CD38+ cells) in sepsis patients on day 4 was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls. The most pronounced change in subpopulation analysis is the frequency of common myeloid progenitors (CMPs; CD34+CD38+CD135+CD45RA−). But no difference in the immunophenotypically defined hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs; CD34+CD38−CD90+CD45RA−) in sepsis patients was observed due to rare HSC numbers in PB. The number of PBMCs and lymphocytes are decreased, whereas the white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts were increased in sepsis patients. Importantly, we found a negative correlation between CD34+ on day 1 and WBC and lymphocytes on day 4 from correlation analysis in sepsis patients.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the HSPC and its subpopulation in sepsis patients expanded. Importantly, the changes in HSPCs at early time points in sepsis patients have negative correlations with later immune cells. Our results may provide a novel diagnostic indicator and a new therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals The Inhibitory Effect of Lysophosphatidylcholine on Proangiogenesis of Human CD34+ Cells Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Zhao ◽  
Yanhui He
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Increasing evidence reveals that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is closely related to endothelial dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of LPC in inhibiting the proangiogenesis and vascular inflammation of human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived from CD34+ cells. The early EPCs were derived from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells whose purity was identified using flow cytometry analysis. The surface markers (CD34, KDR, CD31; VE-cadherin, vWF, eNOS) of EPCs were examined by flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (CCL2, IL-8, CCL4) and genes associated with angiogenesis (VEGF, ANG-1, ANG-2) in early EPCs after treatment of LPC (10 μg/ml) or phosphatidylcholine (PC, 10 μg/ml, control). The angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) incubated with the supernatants of early EPCs was detected by a tube formation assay. The mRNA and protein levels of key factors on the PKC pathway (phosphorylated PKC, TGF-β1) were measured by RT-qPCR and western blot. The localization of PKC-β1 in EPCs was determined by immunofluorescence staining. We found that LPC suppressed the expression of CCL2, CCL4, ANG-1, ANG-2, promoted IL-8 expression and had no significant effects on VEGF expression in EPCs. EPCs promoted the angiogenesis of HUVECs, which was significantly inhibited by LPC treatment. Moreover, LPC was demonstrated to promote the activation of the PKC signaling pathway in EPCs. In conclusion, LPC inhibits proangiogenesis of human endothelial progenitor cells derived from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells.

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