A Geospatial Web Platform for Natural Hazard Exposure Assessment in the Insurance Sector

2007 ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Julien Iris ◽  
JérÔme Chemitte ◽  
Aldo Napoli
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Insurance Sector ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Web Platform

scholarly journals A standardised inventory for New Zealand's stopbank (levee) network and its application for natural hazard exposure assessments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaley Crawford‐Flett ◽  
Daniel M. Blake ◽  
Eduardo Pascoal ◽  
Matthew Wilson ◽  
Liam Wotherspoon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Hazard Exposure

Natural Hazard and Risk Management for South American Pipelines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Porter ◽  
K. Wayne Savigny
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
South American ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Design And Construction

Hazard identification and rating involve the first two of a four-phase natural hazard and risk management (NHRM) system that is being developed to manage natural hazards along linear facilities. In Canada, completing these first two phases is generally straightforward. Baseline data including air photos, geology and topographic maps are readily available; the number and types of hazard exposure are often limited for any given facility; and, the standard of care expected during design and construction is understood and practiced. The NHRM methodology is also being applied on South American pipelines. Greater flexibility is required in obtaining necessary input data. Helicopter and vehicle access are often more limited, and greater reliance must be placed on airphoto interpretation and literature review. Processes of rating hazard exposure are needed for less familiar hazard types, including tsunami, volcanic eruption, and tectonic ground rupture. South American construction and design practices must be accounted for in the rating methodology. Using examples from recently constructed trans Andean pipelines, this paper outlines application of the NHRM system to linear facilities located in areas of diverse hazard exposure and less stringent design and construction practices. Under the broad headings of ‘geotechnical’ and ‘hydrotechnical’ hazards, a methodology for rating eleven different hazard types is outlined. On the geotechnical side, these include tsunami, volcanic eruption, tectonic ground rupture, landslides and debris flows originating off-rights-of-way, and mass movements originating on rights-of-way. Hydrotechnical hazards include scour, degradation, bank erosion, encroachment, and channel abandonment/avulsion.

scholarly journals Financing increasing flood risk: evidence from millions of buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jongman ◽  
E. E. Koks ◽  
T. G. Husby ◽  
P. J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Insurance Sector ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Flood Exposure ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

Abstract. The effectiveness of disaster risk management and financing mechanisms depends on the accurate assessment of current and future hazard exposure. The increasing availability of detailed data offers policy makers and the insurance sector new opportunities to understand trends in risk, and to make informed decisions on the ways to deal with these trends. In this paper we show how comprehensive property level information can be used for the assessment of exposure to flooding on a national scale, and how this information can contribute to discussions on possible risk financing practices. The case-study used is the Netherlands, which is one of the countries most exposed to flooding globally, and which is currently undergoing a debate on strategies for the compensation of potential losses. Our results show that flood exposure has increased rapidly between 1960 and 2012, and that the growth of the building stock and its economic value in flood prone areas has been higher than in not flood prone areas. We also find that property values in flood prone areas are lower than those in not flood prone areas. We argue that the increase in the share of economic value located in potential flood prone areas can have a negative effect on the feasibility of private insurance schemes in the Netherlands. The methodologies and results presented in this study are relevant for many regions around the world where the effects of rising flood exposure create a challenge for risk financing.

Non-Governmental Organizations and Natural Hazard Governance in Asia and the Pacific

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Rowlands ◽  
Benjamin Wisner
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Pacific

International nongovernmental organizations (INGOs), national nongovernmental organizations (NNGOs), as well as faith-based and community-based organizations play a vital role in natural hazard governance in Asia and the Pacific. One immediately thinks of humanitarian response, and, indeed, these organizations can and do play a role; however, as some Asian nations in particular have developed strong state institutions and have grown in their worldwide and regional economic and political status, civil society’s role has diversified. Among the other functions the nongovernmental sector plays in the mobilization of local people and advocacy for or against policies, it is involved in investment decisions as well as acts as a watchdog regarding the status of human rights in relation to natural hazard exposure and recovery and transparency in the use of disaster risk reduction and recovery funds. This diverse collection of nongovernmental institutions also has a role in knowledge production and access and innovates programs that showcase how governments might break down silos and put action behind the rhetoric of taking an intersectoral, multihazard, integrated approach that combines risk reduction, climate change adaptation (CCA), and livelihood enhancement. Indeed, nongovernmental actors also push for societal transformation as they work on issues of discrimination, inequity, electoral transparency, and human rights. These issues are among the root causes of the structural vulnerability of some groups in society to natural hazards. While governments in the region sometimes welcome these supplementary and complementary roles by INGOs and NNGOs, they are also a source of government–nongovernmental tension that has to be negotiated.

scholarly journals Increasing flood exposure in the Netherlands: implications for risk financing

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1245-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jongman ◽  
E. E. Koks ◽  
T. G. Husby ◽  
P. J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Insurance Sector ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Flood Exposure ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

Abstract. The effectiveness of disaster risk management and financing mechanisms depends on an accurate assessment of current and future hazard exposure. The increasing availability of detailed data offers policy makers and the insurance sector new opportunities to understand trends in risk, and to make informed decisions on ways to deal with these trends. In this paper we show how comprehensive property level information can be used for the assessment of exposure to flooding on a national scale, and how this information provides valuable input to discussions on possible risk financing practices. The case study used is the Netherlands, which is one of the countries most exposed to flooding globally, and which is currently undergoing a debate on strategies for the compensation of potential losses. Our results show that flood exposure has increased rapidly between 1960 and 2012, and that the growth of the building stock and its economic value in flood-prone areas has been higher than in non-flood-prone areas. We also find that property values in flood-prone areas are lower than those in non-flood-prone areas. We argue that the increase in the share of economic value located in potential flood-prone areas can have a negative effect on the feasibility of private insurance schemes in the Netherlands. The methodologies and results presented in this study are relevant for many regions around the world where the effects of rising flood exposure create a challenge for risk financing.

Measuring “Language Access Profiles” in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children With the DHH Language Exposure Assessment Tool

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Hall ◽  
Stephanie De Anda
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Language Access ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Language Exposure ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose The purposes of this study were (a) to introduce “language access profiles” as a viable alternative construct to “communication mode” for describing experience with language input during early childhood for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children; (b) to describe the development of a new tool for measuring DHH children's language access profiles during infancy and toddlerhood; and (c) to evaluate the novelty, reliability, and validity of this tool. Method We adapted an existing retrospective parent report measure of early language experience (the Language Exposure Assessment Tool) to make it suitable for use with DHH populations. We administered the adapted instrument (DHH Language Exposure Assessment Tool [D-LEAT]) to the caregivers of 105 DHH children aged 12 years and younger. To measure convergent validity, we also administered another novel instrument: the Language Access Profile Tool. To measure test–retest reliability, half of the participants were interviewed again after 1 month. We identified groups of children with similar language access profiles by using hierarchical cluster analysis. Results The D-LEAT revealed DHH children's diverse experiences with access to language during infancy and toddlerhood. Cluster analysis groupings were markedly different from those derived from more traditional grouping rules (e.g., communication modes). Test–retest reliability was good, especially for the same-interviewer condition. Content, convergent, and face validity were strong. Conclusions To optimize DHH children's developmental potential, stakeholders who work at the individual and population levels would benefit from replacing communication mode with language access profiles. The D-LEAT is the first tool that aims to measure this novel construct. Despite limitations that future work aims to address, the present results demonstrate that the D-LEAT represents progress over the status quo.

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