Natural Hazard and Risk Management for South American Pipelines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Porter ◽  
K. Wayne Savigny
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
South American ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Design And Construction

Hazard identification and rating involve the first two of a four-phase natural hazard and risk management (NHRM) system that is being developed to manage natural hazards along linear facilities. In Canada, completing these first two phases is generally straightforward. Baseline data including air photos, geology and topographic maps are readily available; the number and types of hazard exposure are often limited for any given facility; and, the standard of care expected during design and construction is understood and practiced. The NHRM methodology is also being applied on South American pipelines. Greater flexibility is required in obtaining necessary input data. Helicopter and vehicle access are often more limited, and greater reliance must be placed on airphoto interpretation and literature review. Processes of rating hazard exposure are needed for less familiar hazard types, including tsunami, volcanic eruption, and tectonic ground rupture. South American construction and design practices must be accounted for in the rating methodology. Using examples from recently constructed trans Andean pipelines, this paper outlines application of the NHRM system to linear facilities located in areas of diverse hazard exposure and less stringent design and construction practices. Under the broad headings of ‘geotechnical’ and ‘hydrotechnical’ hazards, a methodology for rating eleven different hazard types is outlined. On the geotechnical side, these include tsunami, volcanic eruption, tectonic ground rupture, landslides and debris flows originating off-rights-of-way, and mass movements originating on rights-of-way. Hydrotechnical hazards include scour, degradation, bank erosion, encroachment, and channel abandonment/avulsion.

Natural Hazard and Risk Management for Pipelines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wayne Savigny ◽  
Michael Porter ◽  
Joyce Chen ◽  
Eugene Yaremko ◽  
Michael Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Main Line ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Risk Management Methodology

Pipeline systems must contend with many hazards, of which ground movements such as landslides and washouts represent one type. Under the broader umbrella term, natural hazards, individual ground movement threats can be subdivided into geotechnical and hydrotechnical hazards. A four-phase natural hazard and risk management system (NHRM) is being developed. Although research and development are ongoing, implementation over the past seven years spans approximately 25,000 km of main-line pipeline in North and South America. It complies with CSA requirements for ‘hazard identification’ as well as current standard-of-care guidelines related to case-law in Canada. It is designed as a simple yet reproducible methodology that can be operated by pipeline companies, particularly their field staff. The first two phases of hazard identification/assessment are described here with reference to a recent study of hydrotechnical hazards along the Trans Mountain Pipe Line Co. Ltd. main line from Hinton, Alberta to Kamloops, British Columbia in the mountains of western Canada. The relative hazard ratings generated by the Phase I and II methodology can be integrated into existing risk management methodologies used in the industry. Alternatively, the risk assessment and risk management methodology of the NHRM system can be used as outlined in this paper.

A Hazard and Risk Management System for Large Rock Slope Hazards Affecting Pipelines in Mountainous Terrain

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Porter ◽  
Alex Baumgard ◽  
K. Wayne Savigny
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Management Program ◽  
South American ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Access Road ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hazard Rating

Pipelines and other linear facilities that traverse mountainous terrain may be subject to rock fall and rock slide hazards. A system is required to determine which sites pose the greatest hazard to the facility. Once sites are ranked according to hazard exposure, a risk management program involving inspection, monitoring, contingency planning and/or mitigation can be implemented in a systematic and defensible manner. A hazard rating methodology was developed to identify and characterize rock slope hazards above a South American Concentrate Pipeline, and to provide a relative ranking of hazard exposure for the pipeline, an access road and operational personnel. The rating methodology incorporates the geometry of the right-of-way, estimated pipe depth, staff and vehicle occupancy time, failure mechanism and magnitude, and the annual probability of hazard occurrence. This information is used in a risk-based framework to assign relative hazard ratings within rock slope sections of relatively uniform hazard exposure. This paper outlines a general framework for natural hazard and risk management along linear facilities, describes the rock slope hazard rating methodology, and illustrates how the system was applied along a South American Concentrate Pipeline.

Challenges for Natural Hazard and Risk Management in Mountain Regions of Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margreth Keiler ◽  
Sven Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
Three Components

European mountain regions are diverse, from gently rolling hills to high mountain areas, and from low populated rural areas to urban regions or from communities dependent on agricultural productions to hubs of tourist industry. Communities in European mountain regions are threatened by different hazard types: for example floods, landslides, or glacial hazards, mostly in a multi-hazard environment. Due to climate change and socioeconomic developments they are challenged by emerging and spatially as well as temporally highly dynamic risks. Consequently, over decades societies in European mountain ranges developed different hazard and risk management strategies on a national to local level, which are presented below focusing on the European Alps. Until the late 19th century, the paradigm of hazard protection was related to engineering measures, mostly implemented in the catchments, and new authorities responsible for mitigation were founded. From the 19th century, more integrative strategies became prominent, becoming manifest in the 1960s with land-use management strategies targeted at a separation of hazardous areas and areas used for settlement and economic purpose. In research and in the application, the concept of hazard mitigation was step by step replaced by the concept of risk. The concept of risk includes three components (or drivers), apart from hazard analysis also the assessment and evaluation of exposure and vulnerability; thus, it addresses in the management of risk reduction all three components. These three drivers are all dynamic, while the concept of risk itself is thus far a static approach. The dynamic of risk drivers is a result of both climate change and socioeconomic change, leading through different combinations either to an increase or a decrease in risk. Consequently, natural hazard and risk management, defined since the 21st century using the complexity paradigm, should acknowledge such dynamics. Moreover, researchers from different disciplines as well as practitioners have to meet the challenges of sustainable development in the European mountains. Thus, they should consider the effects of dynamics in risk drivers (e.g., increasing exposure, increasing vulnerability, changes in magnitude, and frequency of hazard events), and possible effects on development areas. These challenges, furthermore, can be better met in the future by concepts of risk governance, including but not limited to improved land management strategies and adaptive risk management.

scholarly journals The APHIRM toolkit: an evidence-based system for workplace MSD risk management

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi Oakman ◽  
Wendy Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Psychosocial Hazards ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Management Cycle

Abstract Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) continue as one of the largest occupational health and safety problems worldwide. One reason for this situation is that current workplace risk management practices fail to meet some important evidence-based requirements for effective reduction of MSD risk. In particular: they largely fail to address risk arising from psychosocial hazards; do not allow sufficient participation by workers; and often fail to control risk at its sources. To address these deficiencies, A Participative Hazard Identification and Risk Management (APHIRM) toolkit has been formulated in accordance with both a framework developed by the World Health Organisation and implementation science principles. It comprises a set of online tools that include automated data analysis and reporting modules, and procedures to guide users through the five stages of the conventional risk management cycle. Importantly, it assesses both hazard and risk levels for groups of people doing a particular job, focusing on the job overall rather than only on tasks deemed to be hazardous. Its intended users are workplace managers and consultants responsible for occupational health and safety, with active participation from workers also. Resultant risk control interventions are customized to address the main physical and psychosocial hazards identified for the target job, and repetitions of the risk management cycle enables ongoing evaluation of outcomes in terms of both hazard and risk levels.

Recurrence of megathrust events: Impact on hazard and risk in South America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Woessner ◽  
Jessica Velasquez ◽  
Marleen Nyst ◽  
Delphine Fitzenz ◽  
Laura Eads
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
South America ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Plate ◽  
Megathrust Earthquakes ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
The Impact

<p>Megathrust earthquakes along the South American subduction zone where the Nazca plate slips below the South American plate rapidly subducts below the South American plate contribute significantly to the seismic hazard in Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. Estimating recurrence of the megathrust events is of prime interest not only for securing effective counter measures for engineering purposes, but also for assessing seismic hazard and risk for appropriate disaster risk management solutions in the insurance sector.</p><p>We present an evaluation and interpretation of recent research on the recurrence of megathrust earthquakes along the South America subduction zone. The modelling approach is conceptually founded in the asperity model and in this spirit evidence for documented earthquakes is assembled. We utilize time-independent and time-dependent recurrence models to understand the range and likelihood of recurrence times given the incomplete picture of the seismic history and the impact from uncertain event dates based on paleo-seismic / paleo-tsunami studies. In addition, we illustrate the sensitivity of recurrence rates for the largest earthquakes due to assumptions on seismic coupling and the size of potential ruptures.</p><p>Downstream from the recurrence rate analysis, the results are used to estimate the impact of the subduction interface model seismicity on a select set of exposure subject to earthquake shaking due to those events. These examples highlight the potential range of seismic hazard and risk and set the basis to further constrain disaster risk management solutions. </p>

A Student Perspective of Intramural Sport Risk Management Procedures

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Miller ◽  
Frank R. Veltri ◽  
Andy Gillentine
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Risk Management Plan ◽  
Student Perspective ◽  
Intramural Sports ◽  
Emergency Procedures ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Intramural Sport

One of the best ways for an intramural sports program to ensure that an ordinary and reasonable standard of care is adhered to, as well as guarding against litigation, is communication of a risk management program. While having a risk management plan has been widely stressed, no previous research has been conducted from a participant's viewpoint. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of university intramural risk management plans from the participant's perception. The primary results of this study indicate that the majority of the intramural sport participants responded that they had never: a) noticed an intramural supervisor being present while the activity was taking place; b) been informed about the potential for participant injury; c) noticed signage relating to emergency procedures at the area of the activity; d) knew of a risk management plan for intramural sports; d) noticed emergency equipment at the site of the activity; and e) been informed about the possession of First Aid/CPR certification or equivalent by the supervisor.

scholarly journals Hazards of La Fortuna District, Alajuela, Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Robles ◽  
Mario Fernandez Arce
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Density Map

In this paper we examine the characteristic and distribution of natural and man-made hazards in the District La Fortuna, Costa Rica, and show a Hazards Density Map. There are deadly hazards in the territory and both vulnerability and risk have increased, which demands actions to prevent disasters. Our interest is to provide useful results to improve the risk management in the district. We collected information available in scientific papers, technical reports, thesis, and Press releases and used the method Hazard Density Index to produce the Hazard Density Map. The findings point to a concentration of threats in in North of the district and confirm that the main hazard in the studied area is the volcanic eruption.

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