LPS-Induced Immune System Stimulation Alters Urinary Volatiles and Behaviour in Growing Pigs

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Sankarganesh Devaraj ◽  
Anoosh Rakhshandeh ◽  
Edgar Aviles-Rosa ◽  
John J. McGlone
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Urinary Volatiles

scholarly journals 16 Sulfur amino acid utilization during immune system stimulation in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
Anoosh Rakhshandeh
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Elevated Rate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Immune system stimulation (ISS) modifies protein and amino acid (AA) metabolism in animals and humans. During ISS, AA are redirected away from growth and reproduction towards mounting an immune response. This redirection can impact AA requirements both qualitatively (i.e., the AA ratio) and quantitatively. Special attention has been given to sulfur-containing amino acid (SAA; Met + Cys) metabolism during ISS, due to their roles as precursors for the synthesis of proteins and metabolites that are involved in the immune response. A series of studies were conducted to investigate the impact of ISS on various aspects of SAA utilization, including ileal digestibility, plasma kinetics, the glutathione (GSH) synthesis rate, the irreversible loss of Cys, and dietary total SAA requirements. In all of the studies, pigs were feed restricted (≥ 2 times the maintenance requirement for ME) to eliminate the confounding effect of ISS on feed intake. Results indicated that ISS alters SAA metabolism and increases SAA requirements per unit of protein deposition. The latter occurs due to increased maintenance requirements for SAA during ISS. The results also showed that the enhanced maintenance requirement for SAA occurs mainly as a result of increased SAA utilization, mainly Cys, for the synthesis of immune system metabolites, such as GSH and acute-phase proteins, as well as the increased catabolism of Cys to taurine. In addition, we found that ISS increases the dietary Met-to-total SAA ratio in pigs, suggesting an enhanced preferential demand for dietary Met during ISS, perhaps to support an elevated rate of transsulfuration. Collectively, our findings point toward a need for developing an optimal dietary AA profile for diseased pigs.

scholarly journals Induced lung inflammation and dietary protein supply affect nitrogen retention and amino acid metabolism in growing pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Kampman-van de Hoek ◽  
Panagiotis Sakkas ◽  
Walter J. J. Gerrits ◽  
Joost J. G. C. van den Borne ◽  
Carola M. C. van der Peet-Schwering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Protein Supply

It is hypothesised that during immune system activation, there is a competition for amino acids (AA) between body protein deposition and immune system functioning. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effect of immune system activation on N retention and AA metabolism in growing pigs, depending on dietary protein supply. A total of sixteen barrows received an adequate (Ad) or restricted (Res) amount of dietary protein, and were challenged at day 0 with intravenous complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). At days − 5, 3 and 8, an irreversible loss rate (ILR) of eight AA was determined. CFA successfully activated the immune system, as indicated by a 2- to 4-fold increase in serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins (APP). Pre-challenge C-reactive protein concentrations were lower (P< 0·05) and pre- and post-challenge albumin tended to be lower in Res-pigs. These findings indicate that a restricted protein supply can limit the acute-phase response. CFA increased urinary N losses (P= 0·04) and tended to reduce N retention in Ad-pigs, but not in Res-pigs (P= 0·07). The ILR for Val was lower (P= 0·05) at day 8 than at day 3 in the post-challenge period. The ILR of most AA, except for Trp, were strongly affected by dietary protein supply and positively correlated with N retention. The correlations between the ILR and APP indices were absent or negative, indicating that changes in AA utilisation for APP synthesis were either not substantial or more likely outweighed by a decrease in muscle protein synthesis during immune system activation in growing pigs.

110 Immune system stimulation (ISS) induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alters amino acid metabolism in growing pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 51-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Stuart ◽  
T. E. Burkey ◽  
N. K. Gabler ◽  
K. J. Schwartz ◽  
D. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
E Coli

Effect of various levels of T-2 toxin in the immune system of growing pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 136 (20) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rafai ◽  
S. Tuboly ◽  
A. Bata ◽  
P. Tilly ◽  
A. Vanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Growing Pigs

scholarly journals Estimating glucose requirements of an activated immune system in growing pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 5020-5029 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Kvidera ◽  
E. A. Horst ◽  
E. J. Mayorga ◽  
M. V. Sanz-Fernandez ◽  
M. Abuajamieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Growing Pigs

scholarly journals Evaluation of chronic immune system stimulation models in growing pigs

animal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rakhshandeh ◽  
C.F.M. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Growing Pigs

scholarly journals Immune System Stimulation Reduces the Efficiency of Whole-Body Protein Deposition and Alters Muscle Fiber Characteristics in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney D. McGilvray ◽  
Bradley Johnson ◽  
Hailey Wooten ◽  
Amanda R. Rakhshandeh ◽  
Anoosh Rakhshandeh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Repeated Injection ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Degradation Rates

The effects of immune system stimulation (ISS), induced by repeated injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, on the whole-body protein synthesis versus degradation rates, the efficiency of protein deposition (PD), and muscle fiber characteristics in pigs were evaluated. Twelve growing gilts were assigned to two levels of amino acid intake that was predicted based on the potential of each group’s health status for PD and feed intake. Isotope tracer, nitrogen balance, and immunohistochemical staining techniques were used to determine protein turnover, PD, and muscle fiber characteristics, respectively. Protein synthesis, degradation, and PD were lower in immune-challenged pigs than in control pigs (p < 0.05). Strong tendencies for a higher protein synthesis-to-PD ratio (p = 0.055) and a lower protein synthesis-to-degradation ratio (p = 0.065) were observed in immune-challenged pigs. A decrease in muscle cross-sectional area of fibers and a shift from myosin heavy chain (MHC)-II towards MHC-I fibers (p < 0.05) were observed in immune-challenged pigs. These results indicated that ISS reduces PD not only by suppressing the whole-body protein synthesis and degradation rates, but also by decreasing the efficiency of PD in growing pigs. In addition, ISS induces atrophy in skeletal muscles and favors a slow-twitch oxidative fiber type composition.

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