110 Immune system stimulation (ISS) induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alters amino acid metabolism in growing pigs

ABSTRACTEscherichia coliYggS (COG0325) is a member of the highly conserved pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-binding protein (PLPBP) family. Recent studies suggested a role for this protein family in the homeostasis of vitamin B6and amino acids. The deletion or mutation of a member of this protein family causes pleiotropic effects in many organisms and is causative of vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy in humans. To date, little has been known about the mechanism by which lack of YggS results in these diverse phenotypes. In this study, we determined that the pyridoxine (PN) sensitivity observed inyggS-deficientE. coliwas caused by the pyridoxine 5′-phosphate (PNP)-dependent overproduction of Val, which is toxic toE. coli. The data suggest that theyggSmutation impacts Val accumulation by perturbing the biosynthetic of Thr from homoserine (Hse). Exogenous Hse inhibited the growth of theyggSmutant, caused further accumulation of PNP, and increased the levels of some intermediates in the Thr-Ile-Val metabolic pathways. Blocking the Thr biosynthetic pathway or decreasing the intracellular PNP levels abolished the perturbations of amino acid metabolism caused by the exogenous PN and Hse. Our data showed that a high concentration of intracellular PNP is the root cause of at least some of the pleiotropic phenotypes described for ayggSmutant ofE. coli.IMPORTANCERecent studies showed that deletion or mutation of members of the YggS protein family causes pleiotropic effects in many organisms. Little is known about the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of these diverse phenotypes. It was previously shown thatyggSmutations inE. coliresult in the accumulation of PNP and some metabolites in the Ile/Val biosynthetic pathway. This work revealed that some exogenous stresses increase the aberrant accumulation of PNP in theyggSmutant. In addition, the current report provides evidence indicating that some, but not all, of the phenotypes of theyggSmutant inE. coliare due to the elevated PNP level. These results will contribute to continuing efforts to determine the molecular functions of the members of the YggS protein family.

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Modifications of protein and amino acid metabolism during inflammation and immune system activation

Livestock Production Science ◽

10.1016/j.livprodsci.2003.09.005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 37-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Nathalie Le Floc'h ◽

Delphine Melchior ◽

Christiane Obled

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Immune System Activation ◽

System Activation

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Somatotropin-induced protein anabolism in hindquarters and portal-drained viscera of growing pigs

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00309.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 284 (2) ◽

pp. E302-E312 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jill A. Bush ◽

Douglas G. Burrin ◽

Agus Suryawan ◽

Pamela M. J. O'Connor ◽

Hanh V. Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Protein Synthesis ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Protein Degradation ◽

Protein Metabolism ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Whole Body ◽

Fed State

To differentiate the effect of somatotropin (ST) treatment on protein metabolism in the hindquarter (HQ) and portal-drained viscera (PDV), growing swine ( n = 20) treated with ST (0 or 150 μg · kg−1 · day−1) for 7 days were infused intravenously with NaH13CO3 and [2H5]phenylalanine and enterally with [1-13C]phenylalanine while in the fed state. Arterial, portal venous, and vena cava whole blood samples, breath samples, and blood flow measurements were obtained for determination of tissue and whole body phenylalanine kinetics under steady-state conditions. In the fed state, ST treatment decreased whole body phenylalanine flux, oxidation, and protein degradation without altering protein synthesis, resulting in an improvement in whole body net protein balance. Blood flow to the HQ (+80%), but not to the PDV, was increased with ST treatment. In the HQ and PDV, ST increased phenylalanine uptake (+44 and +23%, respectively) and protein synthesis (+43 and +41%, respectively), with no effect on protein degradation. In ST-treated and control pigs, phenylalanine was oxidized in the PDV (34–43% of enteral and arterial sources) but not the HQ. In both treatment groups, dietary (40%) rather than arterial (10%) extraction of phenylalanine predominated in gut amino acid metabolism, whereas localized blood flow influenced HQ amino acid metabolism. The results indicate that ST increases protein anabolism in young, growing swine by increasing protein synthesis in the HQ and PDV, with no effect on protein degradation. Differing results between the whole body and the HQ and PDV suggest that the effect of ST treatment on protein metabolism is tissue specific.

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Transcriptomic Responses Induced in Muscle and Adipose Tissues of Growing Pigs by Intravenous Infusion of Sodium Butyrate

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10060559 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 559

Author(s):

He Zhang ◽

Erdu Ren ◽

Rongying Xu ◽

Yong Su

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Sodium Butyrate ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Growing Pigs

Butyrate has a central function in the regulation of energy metabolism as a metabolite of bacterial fermentation. This study evaluated the effects of intravenous sodium butyrate (SB) administration on the transcriptome of muscle and adipose tissue of pigs. Twelve crossbred barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) were fitted with a medical polyethylene cannula via the internal jugular vein and were daily infused with 10 mL SB (200 mmol/L) or the same volume of physiological saline. Muscle transcriptome showed 11 DEGs related to carbohydrate metabolism, 28 DEGs related to lipid metabolism, and 10 DEGs related to amino acid metabolism. Among these, carbohydrate catabolic process-related genes (PPP1R3B, PRPS2, ALDOC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipolysis-related genes (PLIN1) were upregulated, while the carbohydrate biosynthetic process-related genes (PCK1) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated. Adipose transcriptome showed 12 DEGs related to carbohydrate metabolism, 27 DEGs related to lipid metabolism, and 10 DEGs related to amino acid metabolism. Among these, carbohydrate metabolism-related genes (IGF1, LEP, SLC2A4) and lipolysis-related genes (LPL) were upregulated, while lipolysis-related genes (ANGPTL4) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated. The results suggest that short-term intravenous SB infusion could modulate the muscle and adipose tissue metabolism at the transcriptional level by decreasing amino acid metabolism pathways. Additionally, intravenous SB increased the glucose catabolism in muscle tissue and decreased the glucose utilization in adipose tissue. Intravenous SB increased the fatty acid synthesis, decreased the lipolysis in muscle tissue, and increased the lipolysis in adipose tissue. This suggests that systemic butyrate may display discriminative metabolic regulation in different tissues of barrows.

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Challenge models to study the effect of immune system activation on amino acid metabolism in pigs

Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production ◽

10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_76 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 237-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. van de Kampman-Hoek ◽

W. J. J. Gerrits ◽

J. J. G. C. van den Borne ◽

C. M. C. van der Peet-Schwering ◽

H. van Beers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Immune System Activation ◽

System Activation

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557. Impact of Heavy Metal Exposure in the Transcriptional Response of Methicillin--Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-USA300 Latin-American Variant (USA300-LV)

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.626 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S264-S265

Author(s):

Aura M Echeverri ◽

Sandra Rincon ◽

Sebastian Solano ◽

Rafael Rios ◽

Lina P Carvajal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Unknown Function ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Qrt Pcr

Abstract Background USA 300-LV is the predominant MRSA clone in Colombia and contains a genomic island designated “COMER” with genes for copper (Cu) and mercury (Hg) resistance. HM environmental contamination is a serious threat to public health in Colombia and could also influence the selection and evolution of HM resistance genes in MRSA. Here, we investigate the global transcriptomic responses of USA300-LV after exposure to HM under the hypothesis that USA300-LV strains are highly capable of sustaining higher HM concentrations Methods We performed comparative RNAseq experiments in USA300-LV clinical strain (CA-MRSA12). Total RNA was isolated in exponential phase in the absence and presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of Cu and Hg (3 replicates). cDNA libraries were prepared and sequenced on an Illumina platform. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were calculated by DeSeq2 (p-adjusted value ˂ 0.01) and results on 19 selected genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Results US300-LV exhibited a larger number of differentially expressed genes when exposed to Hg (n = 114) compared with Cu treatment (n = 16). The most common functional groups of genes upregulated after Hg exposure included those involved in amino acid metabolism (n = 18). In contrast, 45 genes were downregulated after Hg exposure, mostly associated to host immune system defense (n = 11). qRT-PCR confirmed that the most upregulated genes were those involved in murein hydrolase activity, Hg resistance and the transcriptional regulator Cro/CI. Of 9 genes that were downregulated, functional groups included ype VII secretion system, immune modulators and leucocidins. Copper treatment resulted in only 12 genes that were upregulated including those in the COMER element (n = 6), aminoacid metabolism (n = 3), ROS response (n = 1), host immune system defense (n = 1) and unknown function (n = 1). Downregulated genes were those associated to host immune system defense (n = 2), energy generation (n = 1) and unknown function (n = 1). Conclusion Differential adaptive responses after exposure to HM in USA300-LV suggest a role in the evolution of antimicrobial resistance and successful spread in the region. Metabolic adaptations involving amino acid metabolism seem to play a role in the evolution of HM resistance in MRSA. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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