Redox Mechanisms and Plant Tolerance Under Heavy Metal Stress: Genes and Regulatory Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-105
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Natasha ◽  
Sana Khalid ◽  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Nabeel Khan Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Stress Genes

scholarly journals Melatonin Modulates Plant Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress: Morphological Responses to Molecular Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11445
Author(s):  
Md. Najmol Hoque ◽  
Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽  
Afsana Hannan ◽  
Naima Sultana ◽  
Shirin Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Toxicity ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Ionic Imbalance

Heavy metal toxicity is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses. Heavy metals cause serious damage to plant growth and productivity, which is a major problem for sustainable agriculture. It adversely affects plant molecular physiology and biochemistry by generating osmotic stress, ionic imbalance, oxidative stress, membrane disorganization, cellular toxicity, and metabolic homeostasis. To improve and stimulate plant tolerance to heavy metal stress, the application of biostimulants can be an effective approach without threatening the ecosystem. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a biostimulator, plant growth regulator, and antioxidant, promotes plant tolerance to heavy metal stress by improving redox and nutrient homeostasis, osmotic balance, and primary and secondary metabolism. It is important to perceive the complete and detailed regulatory mechanisms of exogenous and endogenous melatonin-mediated heavy metal-toxicity mitigation in plants to identify potential research gaps that should be addressed in the future. This review provides a novel insight to understand the multifunctional role of melatonin in reducing heavy metal stress and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of Phosphorus Transporter Genes in Brassica and Their Roles in Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wan ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Jichun Xia ◽  
Shulin Shen ◽  
Mingwei Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide

Phosphorus transporter (PHT) genes encode H2PO4−/H+ co-transporters that absorb and transport inorganic nutrient elements required for plant development and growth and protect plants from heavy metal stress. However, little is known about the roles of PHTs in Brassica compared to Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we identified and extensively analyzed 336 PHTs from three diploid (B. rapa, B. oleracea, and B. nigra) and two allotetraploid (B. juncea and B. napus) Brassica species. We categorized the PHTs into five phylogenetic clusters (PHT1–PHT5), including 201 PHT1 homologs, 15 PHT2 homologs, 40 PHT3 homologs, 54 PHT4 homologs, and 26 PHT5 homologs, which are unevenly distributed on the corresponding chromosomes of the five Brassica species. All PHT family genes from Brassica are more closely related to Arabidopsis PHTs in the same vs. other clusters, suggesting they are highly conserved and have similar functions. Duplication and synteny analysis revealed that segmental and tandem duplications led to the expansion of the PHT gene family during the process of polyploidization and that members of this family have undergone purifying selection during evolution based on Ka/Ks values. Finally, we explored the expression profiles of BnaPHT family genes in specific tissues, at various developmental stages, and under heavy metal stress via RNA-seq analysis and qRT-PCR. BnaPHTs that were induced by heavy metal treatment might mediate the response of rapeseed to this important stress. This study represents the first genome-wide analysis of PHT family genes in Brassica species. Our findings improve our understanding of PHT family genes and provide a basis for further studies of BnaPHTs in plant tolerance to heavy metal stress.

scholarly journals The Promotion of Festuca sinensis under Heavy Metal Treatment Mediated by Epichloë Endophyte

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2049
Author(s):  
Meining Wang ◽  
Pei Tian ◽  
Min Gao ◽  
Miaomiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Host Growth ◽  
Metal Treatment ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

To more clearly clarify the relationship between the Epichloë endophyte and its host, F. sinensis, the effects of Epichloë endophyte on F. sinensis performance under heavy metal treatment was investigated. The growth performance and physiology variations of F. sinensis with (E+) and without the endophyte (E−) were evaluated after they were subjected to Zn2+ and Cd2+ treatments. The results showed that heavy metal treatments had significant effects on plants, as the performance of plants under Zn2+ and Cd2+ treatments was significantly different with plants under control treatment (p < 0.05). Cd2+ treatments showed a hormesis effect, whereas Zn2+ did not. The endophyte increased host heavy metal stress tolerance by promoting host growth as the E+ plants had significantly higher plant height, tiller number, root length (p < 0.05). The endophyte also promoted ion uptake by the host and induced endogenous hormone production (p < 0.05). These results suggested that the Epichloë endophyte regulated host growth and physiology to improve association tolerance to environmental conditions. This study provides another example that the Epichloë endophyte can increase plant tolerance to metal stress.

scholarly journals Salicylic acid in combination with kinetin or calcium ameliorates heavy metal stress in Phaseolus vulgaris plant

2021 ◽  
pp. 100182
Author(s):  
Radwan Khalil ◽  
Samia Haroun ◽  
Fardous Bassyoini ◽  
Aziza Nagah ◽  
Mohammad Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress

Effects of Metal Stress on Visible/Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectra of Vegetation

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2735-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yu Chi ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Tai Hui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance

Vegetation which suffers from heavy metal stresses can cause changes of leaf color, shape and structural changes. The spectral characteristics of vegetation leaves is related to leaf thickness, leaf surface characteristics, the content of water, chlorophyll and other pigments. So the eco-physiology changes of plants can be reflected by spectral reflectance. Studies on the spectral response of vegetation to heavy metal stress can provide a theoretical basis for remote sensing monitoring of metal pollution in soils. In recent decades, there are substantial amounts of literature exploring the effects of heavy metals on vegetation spectra.

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