Goal-Classification and the Influence of Activity-Goal-Formation on Individuals’ Systemic-Consideration of Activity-Strategies and Decision-Outcomes

2019 ◽  
pp. 266-278
Author(s):  
Mohammed-Aminu Sanda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Outcomes ◽  
Goal Formation

scholarly journals Chameleonic knowledge: a study of ex ante analysis in large infrastructure policy processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Dorren ◽  
Wouter Van Dooren
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Knowledge Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Substantive Content ◽  
Infrastructure Policy ◽  
Decision Outcomes ◽  
Ex Ante

AbstractUsing ex ante analysis to predict policy outcomes is common practice in the world of infrastructure planning. However, accounts of its uses and merits vary widely. Advisory agencies and government think tanks advocate this practice to prevent cost overruns, short-term decision-making and suboptimal choices. Academic studies on knowledge use, on the other hand, are critical of how knowledge can be used in decision making. Research has found that analyses often have no impact at all on decision outcomes or are mainly conducted to provide decision makers with the confidence to decide rather than with objective facts. In this paper, we use an ethnographic research design to understand how it is possible that the use of ex ante analysis can be depicted in such contradictory ways. We suggest that the substantive content of ex ante analysis plays a limited role in understanding its depictions and uses. Instead, it is the process of conducting an ex ante analysis itself that unfolds in such a manner that the analysis can be interpreted and used in many different and seemingly contradictory ways. In policy processes, ex ante analysis is like a chameleon, figuratively changing its appearance based on its environment.

scholarly journals Learning about water resource sharing through game play

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 4079-4091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Ewen ◽  
Jan Seibert
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Decision Outcomes ◽  
Masters Students ◽  
Resource Decision

Abstract. Games are an optimal way to teach about water resource sharing, as they allow real-world scenarios to be enacted. Both students and professionals learning about water resource management can benefit from playing games, through the process of understanding both the complexity of sharing of resources between different groups and decision outcomes. Here we address how games can be used to teach about water resource sharing, through both playing and developing water games. An evaluation of using the web-based game Irrigania in the classroom setting, supported by feedback from several educators who have used Irrigania to teach about the sustainable use of water resources, and decision making, at university and high school levels, finds Irrigania to be an effective and easy tool to incorporate into a curriculum. The development of two water games in a course for masters students in geography is also presented as a way to teach and communicate about water resource sharing. Through game development, students learned soft skills, including critical thinking, problem solving, team work, and time management, and overall the process was found to be an effective way to learn about water resource decision outcomes. This paper concludes with a discussion of learning outcomes from both playing and developing water games.

scholarly journals Lay beliefs in physiognomy explain overreliance on facial impressions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Jaeger ◽  
Anthony M Evans ◽  
Marielle Stel ◽  
Ilja van Beest
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Dutch Population ◽  
Judgment Accuracy ◽  
Lay Beliefs ◽  
Decision Outcomes ◽  
Accuracy Study

People often rely on a person’s facial appearance when judging their character, even when more diagnostic information is available. This can lead to worse decision outcomes and appearance-based discrimination. What explains this overreliance on facial impressions? In three studies, we examine the role of lay beliefs in physiognomy—the idea that facial features are indicative of a person’s character. We find widespread endorsement of physiognomic beliefs in a representative sample of the Dutch population (Study 1, n = 2,624). Crucially, people with stronger physiognomic belief rely more on facial impressions when making trust decisions (Study 2, n = 224). They are also more confident in their ability to detect corrupt politicians based on facial photographs, but this increased confidence is not associated with superior judgment accuracy (Study 3, n = 406). In sum, our studies show that physiognomic beliefs are widespread and related to overreliance on facial impressions.

An extended WASPAS approach for teaching quality evaluation based on pythagorean fuzzy reducible weighted Maclaurin symmetric mean

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Dongmei Wei ◽  
Yuan Rong ◽  
Harish Garg
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Teaching Quality ◽  
Teaching Management ◽  
Maclaurin Symmetric Mean ◽  
School Teaching ◽  
Decision Outcomes ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Product Assessment ◽  
Fuzzy Assessment

Teaching quality evaluation (TQE) can not only improve teachers’ teaching skills, but also provide an important reference for school teaching management departments to formulate teaching reform measures and strengthen teaching management. TQE is a process of grading and ranking a given teachers based on the comprehensive consideration of multiple evaluation criteria by expert. The Maclaurin symmetric mean (MSM), as a powerful aggregation function, can capture the correlation among multiple input data more efficient. Although multitude weighted MSM operators have been developed to handle the Pythagorean fuzzy decision issues, these above operators do not possess the idempotency and reducibility during the procedure of information fusion. To conquer these defects, we present the Pythagorean fuzzy reducible weighted MSM (PFRWMSM) operator and Pythagorean fuzzy reducible weighted geometric MSM (PFRWGMSM) operator to fuse Pythagorean fuzzy assessment information. Meanwhile, several worthwhile properties and especial cases of the developed operators are explored at length. Afterwards, we develop a novel Pythagorean fuzzy entropy based upon knowledge measure to ascertain the weights of attribute. Furthermore, an extended weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method is developed by combining the PFRWMSM operator, PFRWGMSM operator and entropy to settle the decision problems of unknown weight information. The efficiency of the proffered method is demonstrated by a teaching quality evaluation issue, as well as the discussion of sensitivity analysis for decision outcomes. Consequently, a comparative study of the presented method with the extant Pythagorean fuzzy approaches is conducted to display the superiority of the propounded approach.

Agents, Availability Awareness, and Decision Making

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Russell ◽  
Victoria Y. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Support System ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Decision Outcomes

Despite the importance of resource availability, the inclusion of availability awareness in current agent-based systems is limited, particularly in decision support settings. This article discusses issues related to availability awareness in agent-based systems and proposes that knowledge of resources’ online status and readiness in these systems can improve decision outcomes. A conceptual model for incorporating availability and presence awareness in an agent-based system is presented, and an implementation framework operationalizing the conceptual model using JADE is proposed. Finally, the framework is developed as an agent-based decision support system (DSS) and evaluated in a decision making simulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document